Nursing Elites

1. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

• A. Mass and weight are equal
• B. Mass is greater than weight
• C. Weight is greater than mass
• D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: a

Rationale: On Earth's surface, mass and weight are directly proportional but not equal, as weight is the force due to gravity acting on an object's mass.

2. Which of the following is a MAJOR consequence of a stroke?

• A. Irregular heart rhythm.
• B. Rapid weight gain or loss.
• C. Brain damage due to interrupted blood flow.
• D. Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Brain damage due to interrupted blood flow.' A stroke occurs when there is a sudden interruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to brain damage. This interruption can result in various consequences such as paralysis, speech and vision problems, cognitive impairments, and in severe cases, even death. Other options like 'Irregular heart rhythm' (A) and 'Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness' (D) can be associated with health conditions but are not direct consequences of a stroke. 'Rapid weight gain or loss' (B) is typically not a major consequence of a stroke compared to the significant impact of brain damage.

3. The phrase "disruptions to ecosystems" refers to

• A. Minor inconveniences experienced by plant and animal species due to changing weather patterns.
• B. Significant changes in ecological relationships and imbalances in populations and food webs.
• C. The aesthetic alteration of landscapes due to melting glaciers and deforestation.
• D. The economic losses suffered by industries relying on natural resources affected by climate change.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase suggests profound impacts on ecological balance and species interactions, aligning with B.

4. What is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome?

• A. Autosomal dominant disorder
• B. Autosomal recessive disorder
• C. Sex-linked recessive disorder
• D. Sex-linked dominant disorder

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Autosomal dominant disorders (Option A) are caused by a mutation in one copy of a gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes (autosomes). These disorders do not specifically involve the X chromosome. - Autosomal recessive disorders (Option B) are caused by mutations in both copies of a gene on the autosomes. They are not directly related to mutations on the X chromosome. - Sex-linked dominant disorders (Option D) are rare and typically result in more severe symptoms in males because they only need one copy of the mutated gene on the X chromosome to express the disorder. This is not the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. - Sex-linked recessive disorders (Option C) are genetic disorders caused by mutations on the X chromosome. These disorders are more commonly seen in males because they have only one X chromosome, making them more susceptible to X-linked mutations. Females have two

5. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?

• A. Atrial diastole
• B. Ventricular systole
• C. Atrial systole
• D. Ventricular diastole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atrial systole. During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract during atrial systole, pushing blood into the ventricles. This phase occurs after atrial diastole when the atria fill with blood. Ventricular diastole (option D) is when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, preparing for ventricular systole (option B), which is when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. Atrial systole is crucial for ensuring efficient filling of the ventricles before they contract, making it a key phase in the cardiac cycle.

6. Which conjunction best joins the following sentence: "She loves animals, ____ she volunteers at the shelter."

• A. because
• B. therefore
• C. so
• D. and

Correct answer: D

Rationale: "And" simply adds information about her love for animals without implying cause or effect.

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