Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a redox reaction?

• A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• B. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
• C. 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2
• D. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The oxidation state of Zn changes from 0 to +2, indicating a redox reaction.

2. What is the periodic law?

• A. The statement that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
• B. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which elements with similar properties are grouped together
• C. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus
• D. The statement that the elements can be arranged in a table in which the atomic mass of an element is equal to the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. This means that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties. This forms the basis for the modern periodic table. Option B describes the periodic table itself, while options C and D do not accurately describe the periodic law.

3. Which organ produces insulin?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Stomach
• D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in producing insulin. Specialized cells within the pancreas, called beta cells, are responsible for synthesizing and secreting insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.

4. A ball is thrown upwards. At the peak of its trajectory, which of the following forces is acting on the ball?

• A. Gravity only
• B. Gravity and air resistance only
• C. Neither gravity nor air resistance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At the peak of its trajectory, the ball has momentarily stopped moving upwards and has not yet started to fall back down. Therefore, there is no longer a net force acting on the ball at that instant. Gravity is acting downwards, but since the ball is not moving, the force of gravity is balanced by an equal and opposite force, resulting in a net force of zero. Similarly, air resistance only affects the ball when it is in motion, so at the peak where the ball momentarily stops, there is no air resistance force. Therefore, at the peak of its trajectory, neither gravity nor air resistance is acting on the ball, making option C the correct answer.

5. What type of nutrients require minimal digestion before absorption?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates require digestion by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine before they can be broken down into simple sugars for absorption. B) Proteins: Proteins need to be broken down into amino acids by stomach acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine before they can be absorbed. C) Fats: Fats require bile from the gallbladder to emulsify them into smaller droplets for enzymes to break them down into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption. D) Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that are already in a form that can be readily absorbed by the body without extensive digestion. They are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine and do not require significant breakdown before absorption.

6. Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts are called:

• A. Exocrine glands
• B. Endocrine glands
• C. Apocrine glands
• D. Merocrine glands

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endocrine glands. Endocrine glands are specialized glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then travel to target organs or tissues to regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine glands (choice A), which secrete their products through ducts to specific locations, endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood for more widespread and systemic effects. Apocrine glands (choice C) release a portion of their cell contents along with the secretions, while merocrine glands (choice D) release their products through exocytosis without any loss of cell material. Therefore, in this case, endocrine glands best describe the glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts.

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