1. Which hormone is crucial for stimulating sperm production in males?

A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Testosterone
D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Testosterone. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and is crucial for stimulating sperm production in males through the process of spermatogenesis. It is produced in the testes and plays a key role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate. Estrogen and progesterone are primarily female sex hormones, while insulin regulates blood sugar levels and metabolism. Therefore, testosterone is the hormone specifically responsible for stimulating sperm production in males.

2. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is effective dependent on the

A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
C. Laissez faire
D. Bureaucratic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Democratic" because democratic leadership style is effective dependent on the participation and input of team members. In a democratic leadership style, decisions are made through discussion and consensus building, which can lead to higher levels of job satisfaction and productivity. Authoritarian leadership style emphasizes control and obedience, while laissez-faire leadership style lacks guidance and structure, and bureaucratic leadership style focuses on rules and regulations. Therefore, democratic leadership style is considered effective as it values the opinions and contributions of team members, leading to better outcomes and team cohesion.

3. What is the function of arrector pili muscles?

A. To control sweat production
B. To contract and cause goosebumps
C. To produce sebum
D. To sense touch

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To contract and cause goosebumps.' Arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles in the skin. When these muscles contract, they cause the hair to stand upright, resulting in the appearance of goosebumps. This physiological response is a remnant of our evolutionary past when our ancestors had more hair, and the raised hair helped to trap air for insulation or to make them look larger when threatened. Therefore, the function of arrector pili muscles is not to control sweat production (A), produce sebum (C), or sense touch (D), but rather to create the physical response of goosebumps.

4. Histamine, released during an allergic reaction, causes symptoms like:

A. Fever and fatigue
B. Runny nose and itchiness
C. Muscle aches and joint pain
D. Cough and shortness of breath

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Runny nose and itchiness.' Histamine is a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction. It causes various symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. These symptoms are commonly associated with allergic reactions like hay fever or hives. Fever and fatigue (option A) are not directly caused by histamine release. Muscle aches and joint pain (option C) are not typical symptoms of histamine release during an allergic reaction. Cough and shortness of breath (option D) are more commonly associated with asthma or respiratory allergies rather than histamine release.

5. What is the term for the distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and its focal point?

A. Aperture
B. Focal length
C. Refractive index
D. Lens thickness

Correct answer:

Rationale: The focal length of a lens or curved mirror is the distance between its center and the focal point, where parallel light rays converge or appear to diverge from.

6. A new medication claims to reduce allergy symptoms by 90%. A study is conducted where 100 participants with allergies take the medication, and 90 report symptom reduction. Should this be enough evidence to recommend the medication for everyone?

A. Yes, the study shows clear effectiveness.
B. No, the sample size is too small.
C. No, a control group without the medication is needed.
D. No, long-term effects haven't been studied.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: : Comparing the medication group to a group receiving a placebo (inactive substance) would help isolate the medication's true effect and avoid attributing symptom reduction to other factors.