Nursing Elites

1. A car skids on a wet road. What is the main force preventing the car from stopping?

• A. Friction
• B. Gravitational force
• C. Normal force from the road
• D. Air resistance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Friction opposes the motion of the car, trying to bring it to a stop. However, due to the wet surface, the friction force is not enough to overcome the car's inertia.

2. Which sentence uses the colon correctly?

• A. I brought snacks: chips, salsa, and guacamole.
• B. The winner is: Sarah!
• C. He loves all things chocolate: cake, ice cream, and candy bars.
• D. Please bring the following items: pen, paper, and stapler.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Colons are used to introduce a list or explanation that follows an independent clause. Options (a) and (c) use the colon correctly.

3. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a given time period. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the intensity or loudness of a sound wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium.

4. The stomach produces a strong acid to help break down food. What is the name of this acid?

• A. Hydrochloric acid
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Bile
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to help break down food by lowering the pH level in the stomach, creating an acidic environment that aids in the digestion of proteins and other nutrients. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during exercise and is not related to stomach digestion. Bile is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Fatty acids are a type of molecule that is a component of fats, not the acid produced by the stomach for digestion.

5. The Gram stain is a differential staining technique used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition. Gram-positive bacteria appear

• A. Pink
• B. Blue
• C. Red
• D. Purple

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The Gram stain is a differential staining technique that divides bacteria into two groups based on their cell wall composition: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure. As a result, Gram-positive bacteria appear purple under the microscope after staining. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that can be penetrated by the counterstain safranin, causing them to appear pink or red. Blue is not typically used to describe the color of bacteria in a Gram stain.

6. Approximately how many muscles are there in the human body?

• A. 100
• B. 100
• C. 600
• D. Over 600

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. There are over 600 muscles in the human body. Muscles are responsible for movement, posture, and generating heat in the body. The exact number of muscles can vary slightly from person to person, but it is generally accepted that there are over 600 muscles in the human body. These muscles work together to allow us to perform various movements and activities throughout our daily lives.

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