Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of transporting molecules across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient called?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Osmosis
• C. Active transport
• D. Facilitated diffusion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which does not require energy input. B) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. C) Active transport is the process of transporting molecules across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP to move substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. D) Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the use of transport proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without the need for energy input.

2. A child's toy block is a cube with side lengths of 5cm. What is its total surface area?

• A. 25 sq cm
• B. 50 sq cm
• C. 125 sq
• D. 150 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Use the formula for surface area of a cube: 6 * (side length)^2 = 6 * (5cm)^2 = 125 sq cm.

3. A medication dosage is listed as 1/2 teaspoon. What is the equivalent dosage in milliliters (1 teaspoon = 5ml)?

• A. 1.25ml
• B. 2.5ml
• C. 3.75ml
• D. 5ml

Correct answer: B

Rationale: 2.5ml: Divide the teaspoon dosage (1/2) by the conversion factor (2 teaspoons/5ml).

4. What is the recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass?

• A. 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
• B. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight
• C. 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
• D. 2 grams per kilogram of body weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass is 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. Protein is essential for muscle repair and growth, and consuming an adequate amount helps support overall muscle health. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight is generally recommended for sedentary individuals, but for those looking to maintain or build muscle mass, a higher intake of 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight is advised. Consuming too little protein can lead to muscle loss, while consuming too much may strain the kidneys. Therefore, 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight strikes a balance for most adults looking to support their muscle health.

5. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?

• A. Carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• B. Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• C. Pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• D. Regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. These arteries supply the heart muscle with the necessary oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly. Without adequate blood flow through the coronary arteries, the heart muscle can become deprived of oxygen, leading to conditions like angina or even a heart attack. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the coronary arteries. Option B is incorrect because the coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood, not deoxygenated blood. Option C is incorrect because the pulmonary arteries, not the coronary arteries, carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Option D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure in the systemic circulation is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as the kidneys and the autonomic nervous system, not the coronary arteries.

6. What property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Speed
• D. Frequency

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Frequency, the number of oscillations per second, is measured in Hertz (Hz).

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