Nursing Elites

1. Why are isotopes of the same element chemically similar?

• A. They have the same number of protons.
• B. They have the same number of electrons.
• C. Their chemical properties are identical.
• D. They share the same electron configuration.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: They have the same number of protons. This determines the element's identity and its interactions with other elements, leading to similar chemical behavior, even if the number of neutrons differs.

2. What is the functional group present in esters?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Esters have the functional group -COO-, representing a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

3. Which term describes the functional unit of a skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction?

• A. Myofibril
• B. Sarcomere
• C. Tendon
• D. Myoglobin

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sarcomere. A sarcomere is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction. It is made up of overlapping filaments of actin and myosin proteins. Myofibrils are long, cylindrical structures within muscle cells that contain sarcomeres. Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones and facilitate movement. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen for muscle use during exercise. Therefore, the sarcomere is specifically responsible for muscle contraction, making it the correct answer in this question.

4. Identify the bone with the greatest length in the human body.

• A. Femur (Thigh bone)
• B. Humerus (Upper arm bone)
• C. Tibia (Shin bone)
• D. Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The femur, exceeding a meter in length, bears significant weight and enables locomotion.

5. You observe that plants in a greenhouse grow faster when exposed to red light compared to blue light. What is the next best step in your investigation?

• A. Increase the intensity of the blue light.
• B. Decrease the intensity of the red light.
• C. Grow plants in complete darkness.
• D. Grow plants exposed to both red and blue light at equal intensities.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The next best step in the investigation would be to grow plants exposed to both red and blue light at equal intensities. This will help determine if the observed growth difference is due to the specific wavelength of light (red vs. blue) or if it is related to the intensity of light. By exposing plants to both red and blue light at equal intensities, you can compare their growth rates and determine if one wavelength has a greater effect on plant growth.

6. What is the main component of sweat?

• A. Urea
• B. Glucose
• C. Water
• D. Electrolytes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Sweat is primarily composed of water, making up the majority of its content. Water helps regulate body temperature by evaporating from the skin's surface, which cools the body down. - While sweat does contain small amounts of other substances like urea, glucose, and electrolytes, water is the main component that is secreted by sweat glands to help regulate body temperature during physical activity or in response to heat.

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