ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?
- A. A-G and T-C
- B. A-T and C-G
- C. -A and T-T
- D. C-C and G-G
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: In DNA, nitrogenous bases pair with each other in a specific manner known as complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing is essential for maintaining the structure and function of DNA. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the nitrogenous bases that pair with each other in DNA.
2. Which of the following is NOT a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading?
- A. Systolic pressure (peak pressure during ventricular contraction).
- B. Diastolic pressure (pressure within arteries during ventricular relaxation).
- C. Pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressure).
- D. Blood oxygen saturation While blood oxygen levels are crucial for overall health, they are not directly reflected in a blood pressure reading.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Systolic pressure is a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading as it represents the peak pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction. Diastolic pressure, representing the pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation, is also a key component. Pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, provides additional information about the cardiovascular system. Blood oxygen saturation, while important for overall health, is not directly measured in a blood pressure reading. Therefore, it is not a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading.
3. Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?
- A. Absorbing water and electrolytes
- B. Producing vitamins
- C. Breaking down fiber
- D. Eliminating waste products
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) Absorbing water and electrolytes: The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food matter that passes through it. This helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and preventing dehydration. B) Producing vitamins: While the large intestine contains bacteria that can produce some vitamins like vitamin K and certain B vitamins, the primary site for vitamin production is the small intestine and other organs like the liver. C) Breaking down fiber: The large intestine is responsible for breaking down fiber that was not digested in the small intestine. The bacteria in the large intestine ferment fiber, producing short-chain fatty acids that can be used as an energy source by the body. D) Eliminating waste products: One of the main functions of the large intestine is to eliminate waste products, including indigestible food matter, dead cells, and bacteria, from the body in the form of feces.
4. What term describes the bouncing back of waves after striking a surface or boundary?
- A. Diffraction
- B. Refraction
- C. Reflection
- D. Interference
Correct answer: c
Rationale: Reflection occurs when waves bounce back after hitting a surface or boundary.
5. Which property of a wave represents the distance between two successive identical points on a wave?
- A. Wavelength
- B. Amplitude
- C. Frequency
- D. Period
Correct answer: a
Rationale: Wavelength is the distance between two identical points (like crests or troughs) on a wave.
6. Entropy (S) is a thermodynamic property related to the system's disorder. According to the second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process:
- A. The total entropy of the system and surroundings increases.
- B. The total entropy of the system and surroundings decreases.
- C. The total entropy of the system remains constant.
- D. The total entropy of the surroundings increases, while the system's entropy decreases.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Entropy is a measure of a system's disorder or randomness. According to the second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process, the total entropy of the system and surroundings increases, leading to a higher level of disorder or randomness. This increase in total entropy is consistent with the idea that systems tend towards higher entropy states over time. Therefore, option A is correct because it aligns with the principle that the total entropy of a closed system, including both the system and its surroundings, will increase in a spontaneous process.
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