1. Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, growth, and development?

A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Thyroxine
D. Insulin

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thyroxine. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, growth, and development. It controls how the body uses energy, affects heart rate, and influences other vital functions. Calcitonin (A) is involved in calcium regulation, not metabolism. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (B) is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Insulin (D) is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels, not metabolism or growth.

2. What is the tone of the following sentence: "The presentation was informative and engaging."

A. Sarcastic
B. Neutral
C. Angry
D. Confused

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sentence objectively describes the presentation without expressing any specific emotions.

3. The main purpose of using strong vocabulary in your writing is to:

A. Impress the reader with your knowledge of complex words.
B. Confuse the reader and make them think harder.
C. Communicate your ideas clearly and precisely.
D. Shorten your sentences and save space.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While using complex vocabulary can showcase knowledge, the primary goal is to ensure the reader understands your message. Precise words eliminate confusion and ambiguity.

4. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

A. Homologous chromosomes have the same genes but may have different alleles, while sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome.
B. Homologous chromosomes are only found in diploid cells, while sister chromatids are found in both haploid and diploid cells.
C. Both homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are genetically identical, but only sister chromatids separate during mitosis.
D. Both homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids can separate during mitosis, but only homologous chromosomes have different alleles.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order, one from each parent. While they carry the same genes, they may have different alleles (variants of a gene). - Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other, formed during DNA replication. They are held together by a centromere and are produced during the S phase of the cell cycle. - During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over, leading to genetic variation. Sister chromatids separate during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?

A. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their
B. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
C. Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
D. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A is the correct answer because informing staff about specific impressions of their work can be subjective and may not always lead to improvement. Performance appraisal should be based on objective criteria and feedback. Verbal appraisals can lack documentation and clarity, making a written report a more reliable form of evaluation. Patients may provide valuable input on staff interactions, but they may not have the full context to assess job performance comprehensively. The outcome of performance appraisal should involve both the staff and the appraiser, as it is a collaborative process to identify strengths and areas for development.

6. What is the feedback mechanism in the endocrine system that helps maintain hormone balance?

A. Positive feedback, where a hormone stimulates its own release
B. Negative feedback, where a hormone suppresses its own release
C. Cascade effect, where one hormone triggers the release of another
D. Dual hormone system, where two hormones work together

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Negative feedback, where a hormone suppresses its own release. In the endocrine system, negative feedback is a crucial mechanism that helps maintain hormone balance. When hormone levels rise, they signal the body to decrease further hormone production, preventing an excess. This ensures that hormone levels stay within a narrow range, promoting stability and homeostasis. Positive feedback (option A) would lead to an amplification of hormone release, which is not ideal for maintaining balance. Cascade effect (option C) involves a sequential activation of hormones but does not directly regulate hormone levels. Dual hormone system (option D) refers to two hormones working together but doesn't specifically address the feedback mechanism for maintaining hormone balance.