Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of converting DNA into a protein called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Transcription is the process of converting DNA into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to make proteins.

2. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans utilize a key property of positrons for medical imaging. What is this property?

• A. High mass
• B. Positive charge
• C. Extreme stability
• D. Identical behavior to electrons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Positive charge.' Positron emission tomography (PET) scans rely on the fact that positrons are positively charged particles. When a positron is emitted during radioactive decay, it quickly collides with an electron, resulting in annihilation and the release of two gamma rays in opposite directions. These gamma rays are detected by the PET scanner to create detailed images of the body's internal organs and tissues. The positive charge of positrons is crucial for this process to occur, making option B the correct choice.

3. A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff with a speed of 10 m/s. What is the horizontal distance the ball travels before hitting the ground?

• A. 10 m
• B. 20m
• C. 30m
• D. Cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a ball is thrown horizontally, its horizontal velocity remains constant throughout its motion. The time taken to hit the ground is determined by the vertical motion, which is independent of the horizontal velocity. Therefore, the horizontal distance traveled by the ball is determined by the horizontal velocity and the time taken to hit the ground. In this case, the horizontal distance is calculated as distance = velocity × time = 10 m/s × time. Since the horizontal velocity is 10 m/s and the time taken to hit the ground is determined by the vertical motion, the horizontal distance traveled by the ball is 10 m/s × time. Without knowing the height of the cliff, we can still determine the horizontal distance traveled by the ball, which is 10 m/s × time.

4. Repeating decimals can be expressed as fractions. Which of the following represents the decimal 0.7777... as a fraction?

• A. 77/1000
• B. 70/99
• C. 777/900
• D. 7/9

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Let x equal the decimal. Set up two equations such that the digits after the decimal point are identical. 1000x = 777.7777... 10x = 7.7777... Subtracting the two equations, we have 990x = 770. Dividing both sides by 990 gives us x = 770/990, which can be simplified to 77/90.

5. Identify the noun in the following sentence: The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen.

• A. filled
• B. kitchen
• C. aroma
• D. freshly

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas. "Aroma" names a specific type of smell.

6. Osteoporosis is a condition leading to weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. Which hormone plays a key role in bone health and is often affected in osteoporosis?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Thyroid hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen plays a crucial role in bone health by promoting the activity of bone-forming cells and inhibiting bone breakdown. In women, estrogen levels decrease significantly during menopause, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis. This hormone helps maintain bone density and strength, making it essential for preventing bone loss and fractures. Testosterone, while important for overall health, does not have as significant of an impact on bone health as estrogen does. Thyroid hormone and insulin also have roles in the body, but they are not as directly linked to bone health as estrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Estrogen.

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