Nursing Elites

1. What is the name for the balanced equation that represents a chemical reaction?

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Chemical formula
• C. Balanced equation
• D. Reaction mechanism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A balanced equation shows the reactants, products, and their stoichiometric coefficients, ensuring equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides.

2. What is the name for the mixture of reactants and products present during a chemical reaction?

• A. Solution
• B. Mixture
• C. Reaction mixture
• D. Precipitate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This mixture contains both the starting materials (reactants) and the newly formed substances (products) during the reaction process.

3. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of b) and c)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles." The urethra is the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine flow through the urethra is not continuous but rather under voluntary control. The sphincter muscles, located at the opening of the bladder and urethra, help control the release of urine. This control allows individuals to regulate when and where they empty their bladder, providing a mechanism to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. Therefore, option C accurately describes how urine flows through the urethra.

4. What is the mass number of an element?

• A. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• B. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• C. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell.
• D. The number of isotopes of an element.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mass number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is represented by the symbol A and is written as a superscript to the element's symbol. For example, the mass number of carbon-12 is 12, which means that a carbon-12 atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus.

5. Which organ produces insulin?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Stomach
• D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in producing insulin. Specialized cells within the pancreas, called beta cells, are responsible for synthesizing and secreting insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.

6. A patient's oxygen flow rate is set at 4 liters per minute. How many cubic centimeters of oxygen are delivered per minute?

• A. 400 cubic centimeters
• B. 4,000 cubic centimeters
• C. 40,000 cubic centimeters
• D. 400,000 cubic centimeters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Remember 1 liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters. Multiply the flow rate in liters per minute by the conversion factor: 4 liters/minute * 1000 cm³/liter = 4,000 cubic centimeters/minute.

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