Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

• A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• B. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
• C. 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
• D. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances.

2. What is the largest muscle in the human body?

• A. Gluteus maximus (buttocks)
• B. Quadriceps femoris (thighs)
• C. Erector spinae (back)
• D. Pectoralis major (chest)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body, located at the back of the hip and extending from the sacrum to the femur. It is a powerful muscle that plays a crucial role in extending the hip joint, enabling walking, running, and climbing stairs.

3. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to kidney stones?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamin K. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone health. A deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to an increased risk of kidney stones due to the improper regulation of calcium in the body. Calcium can accumulate in the kidneys and form stones if not properly managed. Vitamin K deficiency can disrupt the balance of calcium in the body, contributing to the development of kidney stones. Therefore, it is important to ensure an adequate intake of Vitamin K to prevent kidney stone formation.

4. A lampshade is shaped like a frustum of a cone, with base diameters of 20cm and 10cm and a height of 15cm. What is its volume?

• A. 625 cu cm
• B. 1250 cu cm
• C. 1875 cu cm
• D. 2500 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This requires dividing the frustum into two cones and calculating their individual volumes before subtracting them. The formula for a cone frustum involves the radii of both bases and the height.

5. Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine because it helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body. When vitamin D is present, it stimulates the production of proteins that facilitate the absorption of calcium from the intestine into the bloodstream. Without adequate levels of vitamin D, the body struggles to absorb calcium efficiently, which can lead to weakened bones and other health issues. While vitamins A, C, and E are important for various functions in the body, they do not directly impact calcium absorption in the same way that vitamin D does.

6. The outermost layer of your skin is an example of which epithelial tissue type?

• A. Simple cuboidal
• B. Stratified squamous
• C. Simple columnar
• D. Stratified columnar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratified squamous. The outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelial tissue is designed to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and external factors. Simple cuboidal epithelium (option A) is typically found in areas where secretion and absorption occur, like in kidney tubules. Simple columnar epithelium (option C) lines the intestines and aids in absorption. Stratified columnar epithelium (option D) is relatively rare in the body and is found in limited areas such as parts of the male urethra. Hence, option B is the best choice as it accurately reflects the specific type of epithelial tissue that forms the outer layer of the skin.

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