Nursing Elites

1. What are the four main types of macromolecules that are essential for life?

• A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• B. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins
• C. Minerals, vitamins, proteins, and fats
• D. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and hormones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: These four types of macromolecules are the building blocks of life and play essential roles in various cellular processes. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for cells and provide structural support for cell membranes and other cellular components. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (double sugars), and polysaccharides (complex sugars). Lipids: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids serve as energy storage molecules, provide insulation for cells and organs, and are essential components of cell membranes. Proteins: Proteins are complex molecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are responsible for a vast array of cellular functions, including structural support, enzymatic catalysis,

2. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D (C). When the skin is exposed to sunlight, a compound in the skin is converted to Vitamin D. Vitamin A (A) is not synthesized in the skin but is found in foods like carrots and sweet potatoes. Vitamin C (B) is not synthesized in the skin either, but is found in citrus fruits and vegetables. Vitamin E (D) is not synthesized in the skin upon sunlight exposure, but is found in nuts and seeds.

3. The sentence "The audience was captivated by the speaker's compelling story" implies that the audience:

• A. Was bored and disinterested.
• B. Found the story confusing.
• C. Was completely absorbed and engaged.
• D. Disagreed with the speaker's message.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: "Captivated" suggests the audience was completely held by the speaker's story.

4. The stomach produces a strong acid to help break down food. What is the name of this acid?

• A. Hydrochloric acid
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Bile
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to help break down food by lowering the pH level in the stomach, creating an acidic environment that aids in the digestion of proteins and other nutrients. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during exercise and is not related to stomach digestion. Bile is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Fatty acids are a type of molecule that is a component of fats, not the acid produced by the stomach for digestion.

5. During exercise, oxygen is used to convert glucose into energy for muscles. This process is called:

• A. Aerobic respiration
• B. Anaerobic respiration
• C. Glycolysis
• D. Lactic acid fermentation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Aerobic respiration.' During exercise, muscles require energy to function, and oxygen plays a crucial role in converting glucose into energy through aerobic respiration. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, the cell's energy currency. Aerobic respiration is efficient and produces a higher yield of ATP compared to anaerobic respiration or glycolysis alone. Anaerobic respiration (option B) and glycolysis (option C) are also involved in energy production but do not rely on oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation (option D) occurs when there is not enough oxygen available, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is 'A: Aerobic respiration.'

6. As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the

• A. Can be destructive if the level is too high
• B. Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times
• C. May result in poor performance
• D.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Conflict in an organization is a natural occurrence that can either be constructive or destructive. Option C is the correct answer because conflict may indeed lead to poor performance if not managed effectively. When conflict is left unresolved or unaddressed, it can create tension, decrease morale, and hinder productivity. By recognizing that conflict can impact performance, the young manager can take proactive steps to address and resolve conflicts in a constructive manner to minimize its negative effects and promote a healthy work environment.

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