Nursing Elites

1. What are the four main types of macromolecules that are essential for life?

• A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• B. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins
• C. Minerals, vitamins, proteins, and fats
• D. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and hormones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: These four types of macromolecules are the building blocks of life and play essential roles in various cellular processes. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for cells and provide structural support for cell membranes and other cellular components. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (double sugars), and polysaccharides (complex sugars). Lipids: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids serve as energy storage molecules, provide insulation for cells and organs, and are essential components of cell membranes. Proteins: Proteins are complex molecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are responsible for a vast array of cellular functions, including structural support, enzymatic catalysis,

2. Which additional information would be MOST relevant to the passage's argument?

• A. A detailed biography of a historical figure with no analysis of their impact on society.
• B. A timeline of technological advancements throughout history with no connection to social consequences.
• C. A case study of how historical knowledge informed the development of a successful solution to a contemporary problem.
• D. A statistical analysis of economic trends without any reference to historical events or context.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C aligns with the passage's theme by demonstrating how historical knowledge directly impacted a contemporary solution, further supporting the argument for history's value.

3. What is the primary difference between ionic and metallic bonding?

• A. Ionic bonds involve electron sharing, while metallic bonds involve electron transfer.
• B. Ionic bonds are weak and directional, while metallic bonds are strong and non-directional.
• C. Ionic bonds exist between metals and non-metals, while metallic bonds exist only between metals.
• D. Ionic bonds form discrete molecules, while metallic bonds form extended structures.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ionic bonds form discrete molecules, while metallic bonds form extended structures. Ionic bonds involve complete electron transfer between specific atoms, resulting in discrete molecules. Metallic bonds involve a "sea" of delocalized electrons shared across all metal atoms, leading to strong, non-directional bonding throughout the entire material.

4. Which sentence uses strong verbs to create a more vivid image?

• A. The car moved slowly down the street.
• B. The car drove sluggishly down the road.
• C. The car inched down the avenue.
• D. The car traveled down the thoroughfare.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: "Inched" creates a stronger image of the car's slow movement compared to "moved" or "drove."

5. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for the regulation of electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, especially sodium and potassium levels in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium, which helps to maintain proper fluid balance and blood pressure. Epinephrine (B) is involved in the 'fight or flight' response, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and insulin (D) regulates blood sugar levels, but neither of these hormones primarily regulates electrolyte balance like aldosterone does.

6. A study finds a link between increased sugar intake and obesity. Does this confirm sugar causes obesity?

• A. Yes, the study definitively proves causation.
• B. No, correlation does not equal causation, other factors might be involved.
• C. We need more research to isolate the specific role of sugar.
• D. This only applies to people with genetic predispositions to obesity.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Correlation suggests a link, but other factors might contribute. Further research is needed to establish the direction and strength of any causal relationship.

Similar Questions