Nursing Elites

1. What are chromosomes made of?

• A. DNA and RNA
• B. DNA and proteins
• C. Proteins and carbohydrates
• D. DNA only

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic material. They are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the genetic information, and proteins that help in the organization and packaging of the DNA. While RNA is involved in various cellular processes, it is not a major component of chromosomes. Carbohydrates are not a significant component of chromosomes. Therefore, the most accurate answer is B) DNA and proteins.

2. What is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA called?

• A. Replication
• B. Transcription
• C. Translation
• D. DNA repair

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Transcription is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. This process is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Replication (option A) refers to the process of making copies of DNA, not RNA. Translation (option C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, not making copies of RNA from DNA. DNA repair (option D) involves mechanisms that cells use to repair damaged DNA, not the process of making RNA copies from DNA.

3. Which of the following is the main function of the liver?

• A. To produce bile, which helps digest fats
• B. To store energy in the form of glycogen
• C. To produce proteins that help to clot blood
• D. To detoxify harmful substances in the body

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) The liver does produce bile, which helps in the digestion of fats, but this is not its main function. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. B) While the liver does store energy in the form of glycogen, this is not its main function. Glycogen is a form of glucose storage that can be broken down into glucose when the body needs energy. C) The liver does produce proteins that help to clot blood, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin, but this is not its main function. These proteins are essential for the blood clotting process to prevent excessive bleeding. D) The main function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the body. The liver processes and removes toxins, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful substances from the bloodstream, making them less harmful and

4. Which verb tense best fits the blank: "By next month, she _____ the project for a year."

• A. will have been working on
• B. will work on
• C. has been working on
• D. had worked on

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sentence emphasizes the completed duration of the project by next month, requiring the present perfect continuous tense.

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of antibody?

• A. IgA
• B. IgM
• C. Interferon
• D. IgG

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) IgA: This is a type of antibody found in mucosal areas such as the gut, respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract. B) IgM: This is a type of antibody produced during the primary immune response and is the first antibody to be produced in response to an infection. C) Interferon: Interferons are signaling proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. They play a role in the immune response but are not antibodies. D) IgG: This is the most abundant type of antibody in the bloodstream and is involved in long-term immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Interferon, as it is not a type of antibody.

6. What is the process of separating a mixture based on the different boiling points of its components called?

• A. Filtration
• B. Chromatography
• C. Distillation
• D. Centrifugation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This technique separates components based on their boiling points, allowing for the collection of fractions with different boiling ranges.

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