Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress, including the regulation of salt and water balance?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress by regulating salt and water balance. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water, helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance during times of stress. Epinephrine and cortisol are also stress hormones produced by the adrenal glands, but they have different functions. Epinephrine is involved in the fight-or-flight response, while cortisol helps regulate metabolism and immune function. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is involved in glucose metabolism and not directly related to the body's stress response. Therefore, aldosterone is the most appropriate hormone in this context.

2. Which property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the height of a wave and is related to the loudness of the sound. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium.

3. The layer of the skin responsible for new skin cell production is the:

• A. Stratum corneum
• B. Stratum basale
• C. Stratum granulosum
• D. Stratum spinosum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratum basale. The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer or stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for new skin cell production through cell division. This layer contains stem cells that continuously divide and differentiate into keratinocytes, which eventually migrate to the outer layers of the epidermis. The stratum corneum (option A) is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells. The stratum granulosum (option C) is the layer above the stratum basale where keratinocytes undergo changes in their structure. The stratum spinosum (option D) is a layer above the stratum basale where cells become interconnected by desmosomes. Therefore, the stratum basale is the primary layer responsible for the production of new skin cells.

4. Which of the following is the primary function of the cell membrane?

• A. To provide structural support for the cell
• B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
• C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, plays a crucial role in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This function is essential for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and ensuring that necessary nutrients can enter the cell while waste products and other substances can exit. While the cell membrane does provide some structural support for the cell, its primary function is to control the transport of substances. The synthesis of proteins and lipids primarily occurs in other cellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, while storing genetic material is the function of the nucleus.

5. Which of the following is the smallest unit of matter?

• A. Molecule
• B. Atom
• C. Compound
• D. Element

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An atom is the fundamental building block of matter, while molecules are formed by the combination of atoms.

6. The sentence "The audience was captivated by the speaker's compelling story" implies that the audience:

• A. Was bored and disinterested.
• B. Found the story confusing.
• C. Was completely absorbed and engaged.
• D. Disagreed with the speaker's message.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: "Captivated" suggests the audience was completely held by the speaker's story.

Similar Questions