Nursing Elites

1. Colligative properties of solutions depend on the...

• A. Concentration of the solvent
• B. All of the 3 answers given
• C. Chemical identity of the solute
• D. Number of solute particles in solution

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Number of solute particles in solution.' Colligative properties, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, depend on the number of solute particles present in a solution, not on the chemical identity of the solute or the concentration of the solvent. This is because the presence of solute particles disrupts the solvent's normal behavior, affecting these properties. Therefore, the number of solute particles in solution directly influences colligative properties, making it the most accurate choice among the options provided.

2. Which sentence uses the colon correctly?

• A. I brought snacks: chips, salsa, and guacamole.
• B. The winner is: Sarah!
• C. He loves all things chocolate: cake, ice cream, and candy bars.
• D. Please bring the following items: pen, paper, and stapler.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Colons are used to introduce a list or explanation that follows an independent clause. Options (a) and (c) use the colon correctly.

3. What is the building block of RNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Protein
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. B) Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.

4. What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the cell?

• A. To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids
• B. To package and transport proteins
• C. To break down macromolecules
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within the cell that plays a crucial role in protein and lipid synthesis. It consists of two types: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The ER also plays a role in transporting these synthesized proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell or outside the cell. B) While the ER is involved in packaging proteins, the main function is not solely to package and transport proteins. This function is more associated with the Golgi apparatus. C) Breaking down macromolecules is primarily the function of lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes for digestion. D) Storing genetic material is the function of the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA. The ER is not involved in storing

5. Which organ produces insulin?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Stomach
• D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in producing insulin. Specialized cells within the pancreas, called beta cells, are responsible for synthesizing and secreting insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.

6. Which of the following organs is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Mouth

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mouth. The mouth is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through the process of chewing. The teeth in the mouth help to grind and crush food into smaller particles, making it easier for digestion to occur. The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach but does not contribute to mechanical breakdown. The stomach is responsible for further breaking down food using acid and enzymes, while the small intestine is mainly involved in the absorption of nutrients. Therefore, the mouth plays a crucial role in the initial mechanical digestion of food.

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