Nursing Elites

1. The Gram stain is a differential staining technique used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition. Gram-positive bacteria appear

• A. Pink
• B. Blue
• C. Red
• D. Purple

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The Gram stain is a differential staining technique that divides bacteria into two groups based on their cell wall composition: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure. As a result, Gram-positive bacteria appear purple under the microscope after staining. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that can be penetrated by the counterstain safranin, causing them to appear pink or red. Blue is not typically used to describe the color of bacteria in a Gram stain.

2. What is the meaning of the idiom "to bite off more than one can chew"?

• A. To be overly confident
• B. To take on more than one can handle
• C. To be easily discouraged
• D. To be meticulous in planning

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The idiom warns against undertaking a task exceeding one's capabilities.

3. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40. How many neutrons does it have?

• A. 20
• B. 40
• C. 10
• D. 20

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom. In this case, the atomic number is 20. - The mass number (A) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. In this case, the mass number is 40. - To find the number of neutrons, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number. - Neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40 has 20 neutrons.

4. Antigen-antibody binding is the principle behind:

• A. Vaccination
• B. Disinfection
• C. Sterilization
• D. antibiotic resistance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Antigen-antibody binding is the principle behind vaccination. When a vaccine containing antigens (weakened or killed pathogens) is introduced into the body, the immune system produces antibodies that bind to these antigens. This binding triggers an immune response, leading to the production of memory cells that provide immunity against future infections by the same pathogen. Vaccination helps the body develop immunity without causing the disease itself, thereby protecting individuals from infectious diseases. Disinfection and sterilization involve different processes to eliminate or reduce pathogens on surfaces or objects. Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon where bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics and is not directly related to antigen-antibody binding.

5. Which element is a component of baking soda and is important for maintaining pH balance in the body?

• A. Potassium
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Sodium bicarbonate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate acts as a base and helps regulate pH in various biological systems

6. Which word is most closely associated with the adjective "ambiguous"?

• A. Precise
• B. Vague
• C. Definite
• D. Straightforward

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Ambiguous" implies uncertainty or multiple interpretations, making "vague" its closest synonym.

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