Nursing Elites

1. Which type of transport allows for the movement of large molecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, across the cell membrane?

• A. Endocytosis
• B. Exocytosis
• C. Active transport
• D. Facilitated diffusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large molecules or particles by wrapping the cell membrane around them to form a vesicle that is brought into the cell. This mechanism allows for the movement of large molecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, across the cell membrane. B) Exocytosis is the opposite process of endocytosis, where cells release large molecules or particles by fusing vesicles with the cell membrane to expel their contents out of the cell. C) Active transport is a process that requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. While active transport can move large molecules, it is not specifically designed for the transport of proteins and polysaccharides. D) Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins. While facilitated diffusion can assist in the movement of

2. A light ray travels from air (refractive index 1.00) into water (refractive index 1.33). What happens to its speed and direction?

• A. Speed increases, direction bends towards the normal.
• B. Speed increases, direction bends away from the normal.
• C. Speed decreases, direction bends towards the normal.
• D. Speed and direction remain unchanged.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Due to the change in refractive index, the light ray bends towards the normal (water) as it slows down upon entering the denser medium.

3. A routine urinalysis is a common diagnostic test. What does a urinalysis typically evaluate?

• A. Blood sugar levels
• B. Presence of white blood cells (indicating possible infection)
• C. Kidney function
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' A routine urinalysis is a comprehensive test that evaluates various aspects of urine to provide insights into overall health. Blood sugar levels can be assessed to screen for diabetes or monitor diabetes management. The presence of white blood cells in the urine can indicate a possible infection in the urinary tract. Additionally, kidney function can be evaluated by examining factors such as protein levels, creatinine, and electrolytes in the urine. Therefore, a urinalysis typically evaluates blood sugar levels, presence of white blood cells (indicating possible infection), and kidney function, making 'All of the above' the correct choice.

4. Testosterone is a crucial hormone in the male reproductive system. What is its primary function?

• A. Egg production
• B. Sperm production and development
• C. Regulation of the menstrual cycle
• D. Milk production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sperm production and development. Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced in the testes and is essential for the development of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate. It plays a key role in the production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis) and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as facial hair and muscle mass. Testosterone is not involved in egg production (A), regulation of the menstrual cycle (C), or milk production (D) as these are functions associated with female reproductive hormones.

5. What is the primary function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

• A. Filtration of air
• B. Production of mucus
• C. Prevention of food entering the trachea
• D. Oxygen exchange in the alveoli

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system is to prevent food from entering the trachea. When we swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the trachea, directing food and liquids to the esophagus instead of the airway. This action helps to protect the respiratory system from foreign objects that could obstruct airflow and cause choking or aspiration pneumonia. Filtration of air and production of mucus are functions associated with other respiratory structures like the nasal passages and bronchial tubes, while oxygen exchange in the alveoli occurs in the lungs, not the epiglottis.

6. Which of the following is the basic unit of the nervous system?

• A. Neuron
• B. Nerve
• C. Ganglion
• D. Neuroglia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Nerves are bundles of neurons, ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system, and neuroglia are support cells for neurons. However, neurons are specifically responsible for transmitting and processing information in the nervous system, making them the basic unit of this system.

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