Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of RNA interference in silencing genes?

• A. Increases protein production
• B. Promotes gene mutation
• C. Inhibits the expression of specific genes
• D. Repairs damaged DNA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process that involves the silencing of gene expression by inhibiting the translation of mRNA or by degrading mRNA molecules. This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and can be used to selectively silence specific genes. By interfering with the expression of specific genes, RNAi can downregulate protein production from those genes. Therefore, option C, "Inhibits the expression of specific genes," is the correct role of RNA interference in silencing genes.

2. Certain medications can suppress the immune system to treat autoimmune diseases or prevent organ rejection after transplants. What is a potential risk associated with immunosuppressive drugs?

• A. Increased risk of developing allergies
• B. Increased susceptibility to infections
• C. Both a and b
• D. Neither a nor b

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Both a and b.' Immunocompromised individuals, who take immunosuppressive drugs, are at an increased risk of developing allergies due to the altered immune response. Additionally, these drugs suppress the immune system's ability to fight off infections, making individuals more susceptible to various pathogens. Therefore, both increased risk of developing allergies and increased susceptibility to infections are potential risks associated with immunosuppressive drugs, making option C the correct choice.

3. Which organelle is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Chloroplasts
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell. It is not involved in photosynthesis. B) Mitochondria: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are not involved in photosynthesis. C) Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. D) Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. They are not involved in photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Chloroplasts, as they are specifically responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant

4. Two identical balls, one made of clay and the other made of steel, are dropped from the same height. Which ball reaches the ground first, neglecting air resistance?

• A. The clay ball due to its lower density
• B. The steel ball due to its higher density
• C. Both balls reach the ground simultaneously
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the balls

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a vacuum (neglecting air resistance), the acceleration due to gravity is constant for all objects regardless of their mass or composition. This means both balls will experience the same acceleration and reach the ground at the same time.

5. What is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids called?

• A. Proteolysis
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Carbohydrate catabolism
• D. Nucleic acid catabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Proteolysis is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids. Lipolysis is the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, not proteins. Carbohydrate catabolism involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose for energy production. Nucleic acid catabolism is the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides. In this context, the specific process of breaking down proteins into amino acids is best described by proteolysis.

6. What is the SI unit of measurement for work?

• A. Newton-meter (N·m)
• B. Joule (J)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Work is measured in Joules (J) in the SI unit system.

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