Nursing Elites

1. What is the work done by a force of 20 N acting on an object that moves 5 meters in the direction of the force?

• A. 100 Joules (J)
• B. 25 Joules (J)
• C. 4 Joules (J)
• D. Work cannot be determined without knowing the object's mass.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the force applied multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work = force x distance = 20 N x 5 m = 100 J.

2. Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization?

• A. Autoclave
• B. UV light
• C. Chemical disinfectants
• D. Boiling water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Autoclave: An autoclave is a method of sterilization that uses high pressure and steam to kill microorganisms, making it an effective way to sterilize equipment and materials. B) UV light: UV light is a method of sterilization that damages the DNA of microorganisms, preventing them from reproducing and causing infections. C) Chemical disinfectants: Chemical disinfectants are used to kill or inactivate microorganisms on surfaces, but they may not always achieve sterilization, which is the complete destruction of all microorganisms. D) Boiling water: Boiling water is a method of disinfection rather than sterilization. While boiling water can kill many microorganisms, it may not be effective against all types of bacteria, viruses, and spores, making it unsuitable for achieving sterilization. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Boiling water, as it is not a method of sterilization

3. The involuntary "fight-or-flight" response is controlled by the:

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Enteric nervous system
• D. Sensory nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sympathetic nervous system. The "fight-or-flight" response is an automatic physiological reaction triggered by the sympathetic nervous system in response to a perceived threat or stressor. This system prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, controls the body's "rest-and-digest" response, promoting relaxation and digestion. The enteric nervous system primarily regulates the gastrointestinal system, while the sensory nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information to the brain. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system is specifically responsible for initiating the fight-or-flight response.

4. In a food chain, which trophic level captures energy from the sun?

• A. Decomposers
• B. Carnivores
• C. Producers
• D. Omnivores

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Producers, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, are the organisms in a food chain that capture energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms in the food chain. Producers are at the base of the food chain and form the foundation for all other trophic levels to obtain energy. Decomposers (option A) break down organic matter, carnivores (option B) consume other animals, and omnivores (option D) consume both plants and animals, but they do not directly capture energy from the sun.

5. A temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain is called:

• A. Stroke
• B. Seizure
• C. Syncope (fainting)
• D. Coma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Syncope (fainting)". Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. During syncope, there is a brief interruption in the brain's blood supply, leading to a temporary loss of consciousness and muscle tone. This is different from a stroke (A), which is caused by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain, resulting in permanent damage. Seizures (B) involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can cause a variety of symptoms, including loss of consciousness, but they are not specifically due to insufficient blood flow. Coma (D) is a state of prolonged unconsciousness where a person is unresponsive and cannot be awakened. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain is syncope.

6. What type of inheritance pattern results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation?

• A. Incomplete dominance
• B. Codominance
• C. Sex-linked inheritance
• D. Autosomal dominant inheritance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incomplete dominance: In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. This does not result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. B) Codominance: In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous phenotype. This also does not result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. C) Sex-linked inheritance: Sex-linked inheritance involves genes located on the sex chromosomes and does not typically result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. D) Autosomal dominant inheritance: In autosomal dominant inheritance, a single copy of the dominant allele is sufficient to express the dominant phenotype. When a heterozygous individual (Aa) is crossed with another

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