Nursing Elites

1. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

• A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
• B. She is the tallest player on the team.
• C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
• D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

2. During exercise, oxygen is used to convert glucose into energy for muscles. This process is called:

• A. Aerobic respiration
• B. Anaerobic respiration
• C. Glycolysis
• D. Lactic acid fermentation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Aerobic respiration.' During exercise, muscles require energy to function, and oxygen plays a crucial role in converting glucose into energy through aerobic respiration. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, the cell's energy currency. Aerobic respiration is efficient and produces a higher yield of ATP compared to anaerobic respiration or glycolysis alone. Anaerobic respiration (option B) and glycolysis (option C) are also involved in energy production but do not rely on oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation (option D) occurs when there is not enough oxygen available, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is 'A: Aerobic respiration.'

3. What does the term "solute" refer to in a solution?

• A. The substance present in the largest amount
• B. The substance that dissolves in the solvent
• C. The liquid portion of the solution
• D. The temperature at which the solution freezes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent to form a solution. The other choices do not accurately describe the solute.

4. Which technology allows scientists to directly edit the human genome?

• A. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• B. Gel electrophoresis
• C. DNA sequencing
• D. CRISPR-Cas9

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. PCR is not used for directly editing the human genome. B) Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size. It is not used for directly editing the human genome. C) DNA sequencing is a method used to determine the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. While DNA sequencing is important for understanding genetic information, it is not used for directly editing the human genome. D) CRISPR-Cas9 is a technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of living organisms, including the human genome. CRISPR-Cas9 works by guiding the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location in the genome where it can make targeted cuts or edits. This technology has revolutionized genetic research and has the potential for applications

5. he adrenal cortex produces a group of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. What is a MAJOR function of corticosteroids?

• A. Regulate insulin sensitivity and blood sugar levels
• B. Control blood pressure and electrolyte balance
• C. Stimulate the immune system and inflammatory response
• D. Promote growth and development during puberty

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Control blood pressure and electrolyte balance.' Corticosteroids, produced by the adrenal cortex, play a major role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. These hormones, such as aldosterone, act on the kidneys to control the reabsorption of sodium and water, which in turn affects blood pressure and electrolyte levels. While corticosteroids can have effects on other physiological processes, their primary function is to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance, making option B the most appropriate choice in this context.

6. The Gram stain is a differential staining technique used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition. Gram-positive bacteria appear

• A. Pink
• B. Blue
• C. Red
• D. Purple

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The Gram stain is a differential staining technique that divides bacteria into two groups based on their cell wall composition: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure. As a result, Gram-positive bacteria appear purple under the microscope after staining. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that can be penetrated by the counterstain safranin, causing them to appear pink or red. Blue is not typically used to describe the color of bacteria in a Gram stain.

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