Nursing Elites

1. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

• A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
• B. She is the tallest player on the team.
• C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
• D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

2. Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Arteries
• B. Veins
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Veins. Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels where exchange of gases and nutrients occurs. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it to veins. Understanding the role of veins in carrying deoxygenated blood is crucial for comprehending the circulatory system and how blood is circulated throughout the body.

3. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

• A. Growth hormone
• B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females
• C. Insulin
• D. Thyroid hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females). During puberty, the release of these sex hormones plays a crucial role in the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is responsible for male characteristics like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth, while Estrogen contributes to female features such as breast development and the widening of hips. Growth hormone primarily regulates overall growth and development, while Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism and Thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, the correct choice is B as Testosterone and Estrogen are specifically responsible for the changes seen during puberty.

4. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, the unbalanced force acting on each object depends on their respective masses. The larger mass of the table (compared to the book) experiences a smaller acceleration, making its movement almost imperceptible.

5. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of b) and c)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles." The urethra is the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine flow through the urethra is not continuous but rather under voluntary control. The sphincter muscles, located at the opening of the bladder and urethra, help control the release of urine. This control allows individuals to regulate when and where they empty their bladder, providing a mechanism to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. Therefore, option C accurately describes how urine flows through the urethra.

6. What is the process of copying DNA called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of a segment of DNA. It involves the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template. B) Translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template. It involves the conversion of the mRNA sequence into a sequence of amino acids. C) Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy. During replication, the DNA double helix unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. D) Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence that can result from errors during replication, exposure to mutagens, or other factors. While mutations can occur during replication, the process of copying DNA itself is called replication.

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