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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Anatomy

1. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner lining of your intestines, responsible for absorption?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Simple columnar. Simple columnar epithelial tissue is well-suited for absorption because of its single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with microvilli on the surface, increasing surface area for absorption. This type of tissue is found in the inner lining of the intestines where absorption of nutrients occurs. Stratified squamous epithelium is more protective and found in areas subject to wear and tear, like the skin. Stratified cuboidal and transitional epithelium are not typically involved in absorption processes. Therefore, simple columnar epithelial tissue is the most appropriate choice for lining the inner surface of the intestines for absorption.

2. The final sentence suggests that the debate surrounding UBI necessitates

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The emphasis on "complex interplay" and "careful consideration" suggests a call for nuanced and multifaceted discussions, aligning with C.

3. The adaptive immune system has two main branches: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: B cells. B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies. When activated by antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies. Helper T cells (option A) primarily assist in activating B cells and other immune cells. Cytotoxic T cells (option B) are involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells (option D) are part of the innate immune system and target virus-infected and cancerous cells. Therefore, B cells are the immune cells primarily responsible for antibody production in the adaptive immune system.

4. Which muscle plays a significant role in the process of forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Internal intercostal muscles. During forced exhalation, these muscles contract to depress the ribs and decrease the thoracic cavity volume, assisting in pushing air out of the lungs. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for inhalation by contracting to increase thoracic cavity volume. External intercostal muscles aid in inhalation by elevating the ribs. Abdominal muscles are involved in activities like coughing, sneezing, and forced exhalation by compressing the abdominal contents to further reduce thoracic volume. Therefore, the internal intercostal muscles have a significant role in forced exhalation.

5. Which process involves the body's natural defense against inhaled dust and allergens?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ciliary action. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures lining the respiratory tract that help trap and remove inhaled dust and allergens. When these particles are trapped in the mucus produced by the cilia, the cilia beat in a coordinated fashion to move the mucus and its trapped particles out of the respiratory system, preventing them from reaching the lungs. Cellular respiration (A) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not a defense mechanism. Gas exchange (B) refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, not a defense mechanism. Bronchoconstriction (D) is the narrowing of the airways, often in response to triggers like allergens, but it is not the body's natural defense mechanism against inhaled dust and allergens.

6. Which sentence uses the semicolon correctly?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B joins two independent clauses related to the same event.

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