1. What is the milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels called?

A. Plasma
B. Blood
C. Chyle
D. Mucus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called 'Chyle.' Chyle is formed in the small intestine during the absorption of fats. It primarily consists of lymph and emulsified fats. Plasma refers to the liquid component of blood, while blood carries red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Mucus is a slimy substance produced by mucous membranes. Therefore, option C, 'Chyle,' is the correct answer in this context.

2. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source." Active immunity is long-lasting because it involves the body's immune system producing memory cells that remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity, on the other hand, is short-lived as it involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, such as through maternal transfer or injection of antibodies, which do not create memory cells for long-lasting protection.

3. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates and protects the long extensions of some nerve cells. It is produced by:

A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Neurons
D. Oligodendrocytes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Schwann cells. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around axons. Myelin sheath is essential for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses and provides insulation and protection to nerve fibers. Astrocytes are glial cells that provide support and maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system, but they do not produce myelin. Neurons are the main functional units of the nervous system responsible for transmitting nerve impulses. Oligodendrocytes are another type of glial cell in the central nervous system that produce myelin sheath around axons in that region, not in the peripheral nervous system where Schwann cells are responsible for myelination.

4. A ball rolls down an inclined plane. What is the main factor affecting its acceleration?

A. The material of the ball
B. The angle of the incline
C. The air resistance
D. The ball's initial velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main factor affecting the acceleration of a ball rolling down an inclined plane is the angle of the incline. The steeper the incline, the greater the component of the gravitational force acting parallel to the incline, leading to a higher acceleration of the ball. The material of the ball, air resistance, and the ball's initial velocity may have some impact on the motion of the ball, but the angle of the incline is the primary factor affecting acceleration in this scenario.

5. What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

A. To break down hydrogen peroxide
B. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
C. To package and transport proteins
D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is to break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into water and oxygen through the action of the enzyme catalase. This process helps protect the cell from oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. While peroxisomes are involved in other metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and the synthesis of bile acids, their primary role is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

6. An IV drip delivers 40 drops per minute, each containing 1mg of medication. How many milligrams are administered in 3 hours (180 minutes)?

A. 360mg
B. 720mg
C. 7,200mg
D. 14,400mg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: In this scenario, we first calculated the total number of drops administered in 3 hours by multiplying the drops per minute by the total number of minutes. Then, we converted the drops to milligrams by multiplying the total drops by the amount of medication in each drop. This method ensures an accurate calculation of the total amount of medication administered over the given time period.