Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Balanced diet
• C. Chronic stress
• D. Adequate sleep

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system by increasing the production of stress hormones like cortisol, which can suppress immune function over time. Prolonged stress can also lead to inflammation, making the body more vulnerable to infections. It is important to manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, exercise, and seeking support to maintain a healthy immune system.

2. In a single displacement reaction, one element takes the place of another element in a compound. Which of the following is an example?

• A. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
• B. Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
• C. CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
• D. CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a single displacement reaction, one element replaces another element in a compound. Option B, 'Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2,' is an example of a single displacement reaction where zinc (Zn) replaces hydrogen (H) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The other options do not involve one element displacing another in a compound. Option A is a synthesis reaction, option C is a decomposition reaction, and option D is a combustion reaction. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it demonstrates the concept of single displacement reactions.

3. Urinary system health can be maintained through various lifestyle practices. Which of the following is NOT recommended for optimal urinary system health?

• A. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet
• B. Consuming adequate amounts of cranberry juice
• C. Holding urine in the bladder for long periods
• D. Getting regular moderate-intensity exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Holding urine in the bladder for long periods. This is not recommended for optimal urinary system health because it can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and bladder problems. It is important to empty the bladder regularly to prevent bacteria from multiplying and causing infections. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet helps maintain kidney health by reducing the risk of kidney stones and high blood pressure. Consuming cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections due to its antibacterial properties. Regular moderate-intensity exercise promotes overall health, including good circulation to the kidneys and bladder.

4. What skin condition is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches?

• A. Eczema
• B. Psoriasis
• C. Melanoma
• D. Keloid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eczema. Eczema is a common skin condition that is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin. It is often triggered by environmental factors or allergies and can vary in severity. Psoriasis (option B) is also a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin, but it is typically thicker and more silver or white in color compared to eczema. Melanoma (option C) is a type of skin cancer that usually presents as a new mole or a changing mole on the skin, rather than red, itchy patches. Keloid (option D) is a raised scar that can result from an overgrowth of scar tissue. Therefore, the most appropriate answer to this question is A: Eczema, based on the description of red, itchy, and inflamed patches.

5. The speed of light in a vacuum is measured in units of:

• A. Meters per second
• B. Hertz
• C. Candela
• D. Newton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Meters per second.' The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental constant of nature and is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. This speed is constant and does not vary based on the frequency or wavelength of light. Hertz (B) is a unit of frequency, Candela (C) is a unit of luminous intensity, and Newton (D) is a unit of force. Understanding the units used to measure the speed of light is important in physics and related fields to accurately describe the propagation of light in different mediums.

6. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40. How many neutrons does it have?

• A. 20
• B. 40
• C. 10
• D. 20

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom. In this case, the atomic number is 20. - The mass number (A) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. In this case, the mass number is 40. - To find the number of neutrons, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number. - Neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40 has 20 neutrons.

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