Nursing Elites

1. Which sentence avoids a comma splice?

• A. The wind howled, the branches swayed, and rain lashed against the windows.
• B. He packed his bags, he checked the weather forecast, and then hit the road.
• C. The movie was entertaining, it was also thought-provoking.
• D. Tired and hungry, she stopped for a quick bite at the cafe.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C uses a semicolon to separate two independent clauses, avoiding a comma splice.

2. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its:

• A. Mass number
• B. Atomic number
• C. Isotope
• D. Valence electron count

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic number (Z) equals the number of protons in the nucleus and uniquely identifies an element. Mass number (A) includes both protons and neutrons, isotopes have different neutron numbers, and valence electrons are involved in bonding, not atomic identity.

3. The process of a fertilized egg attaching itself to the uterine lining is called:

• A. Ovulation
• B. Implantation
• C. Parturition
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implantation. Implantation is the process where the fertilized egg, known as a zygote, attaches itself to the uterine lining to begin developing into an embryo. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, not the attachment process. Parturition refers to the process of giving birth, while menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur. Therefore, in the context of pregnancy, the process described is specifically referred to as implantation.

4. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing bile?

• A. Liver
• B. Gallbladder
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The liver is the main organ responsible for producing bile. Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine when needed to aid in the digestion of fats. The pancreas is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and insulin, not bile. The stomach is primarily involved in the digestion of food through the secretion of gastric juices.

5. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Calculate the molar mass: Ca(40.08) + 2N(14.01) + 6O(16.00) = 132.1 g/mol.

6. The body's first line of defense against pathogens is the innate immune system. Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?

• A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
• B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
• C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
• D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens, and the inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection. However, the production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen is a function of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system. The innate immune system provides immediate, nonspecific defenses, while the adaptive immune system generates specific responses to target pathogens. Therefore, option D is NOT a component of the innate immune system, making it the correct answer in this question.

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