Nursing Elites

1. How are genetic markers used in paternity testing?

• A. They identify unique sequences in the father's DNA present in the child.
• B. They analyze the presence or absence of specific alleles for certain genes.
• C. They compare the child's blood type to the parents' blood types.
• D. They measure the child's physical resemblance to the father.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Genetic markers are specific DNA sequences that can vary among individuals. In paternity testing, genetic markers are used to compare the DNA of the child with that of the alleged father. By analyzing the presence or absence of specific alleles (different forms of a gene) at these genetic markers, scientists can determine the likelihood of paternity. This method is more accurate and reliable than comparing blood types or physical resemblance, making option B the most appropriate choice.

2. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, the unbalanced force acting on each object depends on their respective masses. The larger mass of the table (compared to the book) experiences a smaller acceleration, making its movement almost imperceptible.

3. A balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride is:

• A. Na + Cl2 -> NaCl
• B. 2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl
• C. Na2 + Cl -> 2NaCl
• D. Na + 2Cl -> NaCl2

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride is '2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl'. This equation is balanced as it shows that 2 atoms of sodium react with 1 molecule of chlorine gas to produce 2 molecules of sodium chloride. Option A 'Na + Cl2 -> NaCl' is incorrect as it does not balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation. It only shows 1 atom of sodium reacting with 1 molecule of chlorine, which is not a balanced representation of the chemical reaction. Therefore, option B is the correct choice for this question.

4. A common indicator used to distinguish between acidic and basic solutions is:

• A. Methyl orange
• B. Phenolphthalein
• C. Universal indicator
• D. All of the above are common indicators.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solutions and remains colorless in acidic solutions

5. What is the role of DNA in heredity?

• A. Provides energy for the cell
• B. Determines the structure and function of proteins
• C. Stores and transmits genetic information
• D. Controls cell division

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It stores genetic information in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). This genetic information is passed down from parents to offspring and is responsible for determining an organism's traits and characteristics. DNA does not provide energy for the cell (option A), determine the structure and function of proteins (option B), or control cell division (option D).

6. Fingernails and toenails are made primarily of:

• A. Collagen (Collagen is found in the dermis)
• B. Keratin
• C. Melanin (Melanin provides pigment, not structure)
• D. Sebum (Sebum is an oily substance)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keratin. Fingernails and toenails are primarily made of a tough protein called keratin. Keratin is a fibrous structural protein that also makes up hair and the outer layer of skin. Collagen, as mentioned in option A, is found in the dermis of the skin and is responsible for providing strength and elasticity to the skin. Melanin, as in option C, is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, but it does not contribute to the structure of nails. Sebum, as in option D, is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin to moisturize and protect the skin, but it is not a component of nails.

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