Nursing Elites

1. What is the strongest evidence for evolution?

• A. The fossil record
• B. Comparative anatomy
• C. Biogeography
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) The fossil record provides evidence of how organisms have changed over time, showing transitional forms and the progression of species. B) Comparative anatomy involves studying the similarities and differences in the structures of different species, which can reveal common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. C) Biogeography examines the distribution of species around the world, which can be explained by evolution and continental drift. By considering all of the above evidence together, scientists can build a comprehensive understanding of evolution and how species have changed and diversified over time.

2. A syringe holds 3ml of liquid. How many syringes are needed to measure 15ml of liquid?

• A. 3
• B. 5
• C. 7
• D. 9

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Divide the total liquid volume (15ml) by the syringe capacity (3ml/syringe) to get 5 syringes.

3. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both related to insulin and blood sugar?

• A. Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, type 2 by insulin deficiency.
• B. Type 1 is temporary, type 2 is permanent.
• C. Type 1 affects adults, type 2 affects children
• D. Type 1 is treated with diet only, type 2 requires medication.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, type 2 by insulin deficiency.' Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to insulin deficiency. In contrast, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin's effects. This distinction is crucial for understanding the underlying causes and treatment approaches for each type of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not temporary; it is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management. Type 2 diabetes can also affect adults, but it is more commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and older adults. Treatment for type 1 diabetes typically involves insulin therapy along with diet and exercise, while type 2 diabetes may require medication in addition to lifestyle modifications.

4. Antiparticles possess properties opposite to their corresponding particles. Which of the following is the antiparticle of a neutron?

• A. Antineutrino
• B. Positron
• C. Antiproton
• D. Electron

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antineutrino. Antiparticles possess properties that are opposite to their corresponding particles. A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Its antiparticle, the antineutrino, has opposite properties, such as having no electric charge compared to the neutron's neutral charge. A positron (B) is the antiparticle of an electron, an antiproton (C) is the antiparticle of a proton, and an electron (D) is not an antiparticle. Therefore, the antiparticle of a neutron is the antineutrino.

5. What is the atomic number of an element?

• A. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• B. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• C. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell.
• D. The number of isotopes of an element.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic number of an element is a fundamental property that defines the identity of an element. It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons determines the element's position in the periodic table and its chemical properties.

6. A medication order is written as 3/4 of a tablet. If each tablet is 500mg, what is the equivalent dosage in milligrams?

• A. 375mg
• B. 425mg
• C. 450mg
• D. 475mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Multiply the tablet strength (500mg) by the fractional dose (3/4) to get 375 milligrams.

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