Nursing Elites

1. The gradual change in a species over time in response to environmental pressures is best described by:

• A. Punctuated equilibrium (rapid bursts of evolution)
• B. Gradualism (slow and continuous change)
• C. Founder effect (genetic drift in a small population)
• D. Adaptive radiation (rapid diversification of a species)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Punctuated equilibrium refers to rapid bursts of evolution followed by long periods of stability, rather than gradual change over time in response to environmental pressures. B) Gradualism is the process by which species evolve through slow and continuous changes over time in response to environmental pressures. This gradual change can lead to the development of new traits and adaptations. C) Founder effect is a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation compared to the original population. It does not specifically describe the gradual change in a species over time. D) Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species into a variety of forms to exploit different ecological niches, but it does not specifically refer to the gradual change in response to environmental pressures. Therefore, the best description of the gradual change in a species over time in response to e

2. The study of the geographical distribution of organisms and the factors that influence it is known as:

• A. Paleontology (the study of fossils)
• B. Taxonomy (the classification of organisms)
• C. Biogeography
• D. Population genetics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of organisms and the factors that influence their distribution patterns. This field of study examines how and why species are distributed where they are, considering factors such as historical events, ecological interactions, and physical geography. Paleontology (option A) is the study of fossils and the history of life on Earth, focusing on extinct organisms. Taxonomy (option B) is the science of classifying and naming organisms based on their characteristics. Population genetics (option D) is the study of genetic variation and evolutionary processes within populations of organisms. In this context, biogeography is the most appropriate choice as it specifically deals with the distribution of organisms in space and time.

3. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage

• A. greater control of activities
• B. Conserves time
• C. Compatible with computerization
• D. Promotes better interpersonal relationship

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'greater control of activities.' Having a decentralized staffing system allows for the delegation of decision-making to lower levels of the organization, which can result in greater control over activities. This can lead to quicker responses to issues and better alignment with specific departmental needs. Options B, C, and D do not directly relate to the advantage of a decentralized staffing system. While conserving time, compatibility with computerization, and promoting better interpersonal relationships are important considerations in staffing decisions, they do not specifically align with the advantage of greater control that a decentralized system provides.

4. A prism separates white light into its constituent spectral components because:

• A. It absorbs certain colors
• B. Different colors experience varying speeds within the prism
• C. It bends all colors with the same magnitude
• D. It reflects specific colors

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because different colors experience varying speeds when passing through a prism due to their differing wavelengths. This causes them to refract at different angles, resulting in the separation of white light into its constituent spectral components. The phenomenon of dispersion occurs as a result of this wavelength-dependent refraction, allowing us to see the full spectrum of colors. Absorbing certain colors (option A) or reflecting specific colors (option D) would not explain how a prism separates white light. Additionally, if a prism were to bend all colors with the same magnitude (option C), it would not result in the distinct separation of colors that we observe.

5. What is the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands?

• A. Insulin
• B. Calcitonin
• C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands is Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels and is unrelated to the parathyroid glands. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps regulate calcium levels but is not the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and is also not released by the parathyroid glands. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Parathyroid hormone (PTH).

6. If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, how many nurses are needed for 40 patients?

• A. 7
• B. 8
• C. 9
• D. 10

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, it means that each nurse is responsible for 20/5 = 4 patients. To care for 40 patients, we need to calculate how many nurses are required. Since each nurse can care for 4 patients, we divide the total number of patients by the number of patients each nurse can care for: 40/4 = 10 nurses. Therefore, to care for 40 patients, 10 nurses are needed. Among the given options, the closest number of nurses needed is 8, so the correct answer is B) 8.

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