1. he adrenal cortex produces a group of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. What is a MAJOR function of corticosteroids?

A. Regulate insulin sensitivity and blood sugar levels
B. Control blood pressure and electrolyte balance
C. Stimulate the immune system and inflammatory response
D. Promote growth and development during puberty

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Control blood pressure and electrolyte balance.' Corticosteroids, produced by the adrenal cortex, play a major role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. These hormones, such as aldosterone, act on the kidneys to control the reabsorption of sodium and water, which in turn affects blood pressure and electrolyte levels. While corticosteroids can have effects on other physiological processes, their primary function is to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance, making option B the most appropriate choice in this context.

2. What is the scientific term for a muscle that helps another muscle perform its action?

A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. Fixator

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synergist. A synergist muscle is a muscle that assists the prime mover (agonist) in performing its action by stabilizing joints or contributing extra force to the movement. Antagonist muscles oppose the action of the prime mover, while fixator muscles stabilize the origin of the prime mover to allow efficient movement. Understanding the roles of these muscles is essential in comprehending how various muscle groups work together to produce coordinated movements.

3. What is the least common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6?

A. 24
B. 12
C. 6
D. 3

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The LCM is the smallest number that is a multiple of both 4 and 6. We can find this by listing out the multiples of each number until we find a common value. In this case, 12 is the first number divisible by both 4 (4 x 3) and 6 (6 x 2).

4. Define power in physics.

A. The rate of change of energy
B. The rate of doing work or transferring energy
C. The measure of an object's potential energy
D. The force exerted on an object

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred or converted.

5. The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is an example of a:

A. Sesamoid bone
B. Long bone
C. Short bone
D. Irregular bone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are small bones that develop within tendons, typically where they pass over joints. The patella functions to protect the knee joint and enhance the leverage of the quadriceps muscle. Its location and function align with those of a sesamoid bone, making option A the correct choice. Long bones, such as the femur, are characterized by their elongated shape and serve as levers for movement. Short bones, like those in the wrist and ankle, provide support and stability. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae, have complex shapes and functions. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate answer in this context.

6. What is the unit of measurement for momentum?

A. Newton-second (NÂ·s)
B. Kilogram-meter (kgÂ·m)
C. Joule (J)
D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. The unit of mass is kilograms (kg) and the unit of velocity is meters per second (m/s). Therefore, the unit of momentum is kilogram-meter per second (kgÂ·m/s). By Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), force is measured in Newtons (N), which is equivalent to kgÂ·m/sÂ². Therefore, multiplying the unit of force (N) by the unit of time (s) gives the unit of momentum as Newton-second (NÂ·s).