Nursing Elites

1. What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

• A. To treat genetic disorders.
• B. To diagnose genetic diseases in newborns.
• C. To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks.
• D. To collect DNA samples for research purposes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks. Genetic counselors explain the implications of genetic testing, discuss risks and options, and offer emotional and psychological support.

2. Which property of a substance refers to the force exerted on an object due to gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer:

Rationale: Weight is the measure of the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is calculated as mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

3. Which hormone primarily triggers ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, LH surge occurs around day 14, which stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This surge in LH is crucial for the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of the egg, marking the onset of ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone play important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, but LH specifically triggers ovulation by signaling the release of the egg from the ovary.

4. Delta waves, associated with deep sleep, exhibit what frequency range?

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Delta waves are slow brainwaves that are typically associated with deep sleep stages, such as stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep. These waves have a frequency range of 0.5-4 Hz, making option A the correct answer. During deep sleep, the brain slows down significantly, and delta waves are prominent on an electroencephalogram (EEG). The frequency range of 4-8 Hz corresponds to theta waves, which are more commonly observed during light sleep or drowsiness. Alpha waves fall within the 8-13 Hz range and are typically seen when an individual is awake but relaxed. Beta waves, ranging from 13-30 Hz, are associated with alertness and active thinking. Therefore, option A is the correct choice for delta waves, reflecting their slow frequency characteristic during deep sleep.

5. Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?

• A. Stearic acid
• B. Palmitic acid
• C. Oleic acid
• D. Butyric acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid, containing at least one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain. The other choices are saturated fatty acids.

6. Which of the following phases of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids, which are duplicated copies of a chromosome, separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This movement is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromatids. As a result, each pole of the cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring that the daughter cells produced after cell division will have the correct number of chromosomes. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator, not their separation. Telophase is the phase following anaphase, where the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and nuclear envelopes start to form around them. Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm is divided to form two separate daughter cells.

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