Nursing Elites

1. What is the main target organ for insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas?

• A. Liver
• B. Kidneys
• C. Muscles
• D. Brain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Muscles. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Its main target organs are the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Insulin acts on muscle cells to promote glucose uptake and storage as glycogen, helping to lower blood sugar levels. While the liver and adipose tissue are also important targets for insulin, muscles are particularly significant for glucose utilization and storage. Therefore, muscles are considered the main target organ for insulin in the body.

2. What is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA called?

• A. Replication
• B. Transcription
• C. Translation
• D. DNA repair

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Transcription is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. This process is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Replication (option A) refers to the process of making copies of DNA, not RNA. Translation (option C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, not making copies of RNA from DNA. DNA repair (option D) involves mechanisms that cells use to repair damaged DNA, not the process of making RNA copies from DNA.

3. Urine, the liquid waste product of the body, travels from the kidneys to the bladder through tubes called:

• A. Ureters
• B. Urethra
• C. Nephrons
• D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ureters. Ureters are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, allowing urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before elimination. The urethra, option B, is the tube through which urine is expelled from the bladder out of the body. Nephrons, option C, are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The renal pelvis, option D, is a part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureters. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the ureters specifically carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

4. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing antibodies?

• A. Thymus gland
• B. Spleen
• C. Bone marrow
• D. Lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (B cells). These B cells mature in the bone marrow, where they undergo a process of differentiation and maturation to become plasma cells that secrete antibodies. The bone marrow is the primary site for the production of B cells and antibodies in the immune system. The thymus gland is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells), not antibody production. The spleen and lymph nodes play roles in filtering and trapping pathogens but are not the main organs responsible for producing antibodies.

5. When magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced. What evidence suggests a chemical reaction is occurring?

• A. A change in color
• B. The formation of a gas
• C. Dissolving in a liquid
• D. No change in temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The formation of a gas.' When magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced as one of the products. The formation of a gas is a clear indicator of a chemical reaction taking place. This is known as a gas evolution reaction, where a gas is produced as a result of a chemical reaction. The other options do not specifically indicate a chemical reaction. A change in color or dissolving in a liquid could occur in physical changes as well, and no change in temperature does not necessarily rule out a chemical reaction as some reactions are endothermic or exothermic.

6. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be...

• A. 0
• B. Less than 1
• C. 1
• D. More than 1

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The van't Hoff factor (i) is used to account for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, such as a strong electrolyte, i would be equal to the total number of ions produced by the dissociation. Since the compound dissociates completely, it forms an equal number of ions, resulting in an i value of 1. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1.

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