Nursing Elites

1. The WBC (white blood cell) type responsible for the initial attack on pathogens is:

• A. Red blood cells
• B. Platelets
• C. Phagocytes
• D. Lymphocytes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phagocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. They are the first line of defense against invading microorganisms, initiating the initial attack on pathogens. Red blood cells (option A) are responsible for carrying oxygen, not for immune responses. Platelets (option B) are involved in blood clotting. Lymphocytes (option D) are another type of white blood cell but are mainly responsible for specific immune responses rather than the initial attack on pathogens.

2. Testosterone is a crucial hormone in the male reproductive system. What is its primary function?

• A. Egg production
• B. Sperm production and development
• C. Regulation of the menstrual cycle
• D. Milk production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sperm production and development. Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced in the testes and is essential for the development of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate. It plays a key role in the production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis) and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as facial hair and muscle mass. Testosterone is not involved in egg production (A), regulation of the menstrual cycle (C), or milk production (D) as these are functions associated with female reproductive hormones.

3. You design an experiment to test the effect of temperature on plant growth. Which variable should you keep constant?

• A. The type of soil used.
• B. The amount of sunlight the plants receive.
• C. The amount of water given to the plants.
• D. The temperature variations being tested.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this experiment, the variable being tested is the effect of temperature on plant growth. To ensure that any observed changes in plant growth are due to temperature variations and not other factors, it is important to keep other variables constant. The type of soil used can significantly impact plant growth, so it should be kept constant to isolate the effect of temperature. Keeping the amount of sunlight and water constant would also help ensure that any differences in plant growth are due to temperature variations.

4. Recognize the opposing muscle pair.

• A. Bicep and tricep (Arm flexion and extension)
• B. Hamstring and quadriceps (Knee extension and flexion)
• C. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor (Chest muscles)
• D. Trapezius and deltoid (Shoulder movement)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The bicep and tricep muscles are antagonistic muscle pairs, meaning they work in opposition to each other. The bicep is located on the front of the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint. The tricep is located on the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the elbow joint.

5. She knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his unit. Which of the

• A. Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption
• B. Demands of the labor sector to increase wages
• C. Low morale of staff in her unit
• D. Exacting regulatory and accreditation standards

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A: 'Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption.' This choice represents an external force that can influence changes in the unit by setting a directive from top management to reduce electricity usage, impacting operations and decisions within the unit. While options B, C, and D may also affect the unit to some extent, they are not as directly tied to external influences as the CEO's memo. The demands of the labor sector (option B) and low staff morale (option C) are internal factors, while regulatory and accreditation standards (option D) are more overarching guidelines rather than specific external forces impacting the unit. Therefore, the most direct and relevant external force in this scenario is the directive from the CEO, making option A the correct choice.

6. The Becquerel (Bq) is the designated unit for quantifying:

• A. Electron volt (eV) measurements of energy
• B. Radioactivity
• C. Electric charge (Coulombs)
• D. Force (Newtons)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Becquerel (Bq) is the designated unit for quantifying radioactivity. Radioactivity is the measure of the rate at which radioactive atoms undergo nuclear decay and emit radiation. One Becquerel is equal to one nuclear decay event per second. This unit is named after Henri Becquerel, the scientist who discovered radioactivity. Therefore, option B, 'Radioactivity,' is the correct answer. Electron volt (eV) measurements of energy are quantified using a different unit, electric charge is measured in Coulombs, and force is quantified in Newtons, making them incorrect choices for this question.

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