Nursing Elites

1. Which type of symbiosis is where both organisms benefit from the interaction?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiosis in which both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. This relationship is characterized by cooperation and mutual support, leading to advantages for both parties. In mutualistic relationships, each organism provides something that the other needs, resulting in a mutually beneficial outcome. Examples of mutualism include the relationship between bees and flowers (pollination) and the partnership between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants.

2. Which of the following functional groups is present in carboxylic acids?

• A. Carbonyl
• B. Hydroxyl
• C. Carboxyl
• D. Aldehyde

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group (-COOH). The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

3. A nurse needs to dilute 2 milliliters of a concentrated medication with 8 milliliters of sterile water. What is the final concentration of the solution in percent?

• A. 16.67%
• B. 20%
• C. 25%
• D. 50%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Calculate the total volume of the solution (2 ml + 8 ml = 10 ml). Then, divide the volume of the concentrated medication by the total volume and multiply by 100%: (2 ml / 10 ml) * 100% = 20%.

4. She is hopeful that her unit will make a big turnaround in the succeeding months. Which of

• A. Wonders why things are not what it used to be
• B. Finds solutions to the problems
• C. Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities
• D. Selects the best change strategy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities.' In the given scenario, the individual is hopeful about a turnaround in their unit, indicating a desire for positive change. Option C aligns with this by suggesting that the individual is not only finding solutions to the problems (as in option B) but also integrating these solutions into their daily routines. This integration is crucial for sustained improvement and long-term success, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

5. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for producing enzymes?

• A. Liver
• B. Pancreas
• C. Stomach
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The pancreas is the main organ responsible for producing enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body. The pancreas produces and releases digestive enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The liver also plays a role in producing bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats, but the main organ responsible for producing enzymes is the pancreas. The stomach produces gastric juices that contain hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which help break down food, but it is not the main organ responsible for producing enzymes. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs, but it does not produce the enzymes itself; instead, it receives enzymes from the pancreas and other organs.

6. Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is primarily caused by

• A. Dry skin (Dry skin can worsen acne but isn't the primary cause)
• B. Clogged pores and excess oil production
• C. Bacterial infection alone (Bacteria play a role but not the sole cause)
• D. Vitamin deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Clogged pores and excess oil production.' Acne vulgaris, or acne, is primarily caused by a combination of factors including excess sebum (oil) production by the skin's sebaceous glands and the accumulation of dead skin cells, leading to clogged pores. This environment provides a breeding ground for acne-causing bacteria, contributing to inflammation and the formation of pimples. While factors like dry skin, bacterial infections, and even vitamin deficiencies can exacerbate acne, they are not the primary cause. Thus, B is the most accurate option for the primary cause of acne.

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