Nursing Elites

1. A clinic sees an average of 25 patients every 4 hours. If the clinic is open for 8 hours, how many patients will they see in total?

• A. 35
• B. 50
• C. 75
• D. 200

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. First, determine how many patients the clinic sees in one hour: 25 patients / 4 hours = 6.25 patients per hour (approximately 6 patients per hour) 2. Since the clinic is open for 8 hours, multiply the number of patients seen per hour by the number of hours the clinic is open: 6.25 patients/hour * 8 hours = 50 patients 3. Therefore, the clinic will see a total of 50 patients in 8 hours, which corresponds to answer choice D) 200.

2. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

• A. To trap dust particles
• B. To increase lung compliance
• C. To produce mucus
• D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To increase lung compliance.' Surfactant is a substance produced by the alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. This helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. This action increases lung compliance, which is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated. Trapping dust particles (A) is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system. Surfactant does not produce mucus (C) but rather acts to reduce surface tension. Generating oxygen (D) is the function of the respiratory system as a whole through the process of respiration, and surfactant does not play a direct role in this process.

3. Stretch marks occur when

• A. The dermis layer becomes inflamed
• B. The dermis layer becomes inflamed
• C. The dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching
• D. Sebaceous glands become clogged

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Stretch marks occur when the dermis layer tears due to rapid stretching. During periods of rapid growth or weight gain, the skin may stretch beyond its capacity, causing the dermis layer to tear and resulting in the formation of stretch marks. Inflammation or clogged sebaceous glands do not directly cause stretch marks, making options A, B, and D incorrect. It is important to understand the physiological process behind stretch marks to identify the correct answer.

4. Endotoxins are toxic substances released by:

• A. Viruses
• B. Bacteria (gram-positive)
• C. Bacteria (gram-negative)
• D. Parasites

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Endotoxins are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. These toxins are released when the bacteria are destroyed or during bacterial growth. Endotoxins can cause a variety of harmful effects in the host, including fever, inflammation, and septic shock. Viruses do not produce endotoxins, and gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins rather than endotoxins. Parasites are not typically associated with the production of endotoxins.

5. Which element has the same number of protons and neutrons?

• A. Carbon (C)
• B. Oxygen (O)
• C. Lithium (Li)
• D. Helium (He)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Helium (He) - He-4 has 2 protons and 2 neutrons, while the other options have differing numbers.

6. Which of the following is the main function of the kidneys?

• A. To filter waste products from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To produce hormones that help to control blood sugar levels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) To filter waste products from the blood: The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products, excess ions, and water from the bloodstream to form urine, which is then excreted from the body. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment by regulating the balance of electrolytes, fluid volume, and pH levels. B) To produce urine: While the kidneys do produce urine as a result of filtering the blood, the primary function is to filter waste products rather than solely producing urine. C) To regulate blood pressure: The kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood and the concentration of electrolytes in the body, but their main function is waste filtration. D) To produce hormones that help to control blood sugar levels: While the kidneys do produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin that play a role in various physiological processes, such as red

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