1. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A. Breaking down and recycling cellular waste
B. Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids
C. Generating energy through cellular respiration
D. Translating DNA into proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids synthesized by the cell. It modifies these molecules and directs them to their appropriate destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. This function is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of the cell and coordinating various cellular processes. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions carried out by other cellular organelles, highlighting the specificity and importance of the Golgi apparatus in protein and lipid trafficking.

2. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population that is:

A. Undergoing rapid evolution due to strong directional selection.
B. Not evolving and at genetic equilibrium with stable allele frequencies.
C. Experiencing a founder effect leading to a reduction in genetic diversity.
D. Dominated by a single homozygous genotype that eliminates all variation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a theoretical population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation, indicating that the population is not evolving. This equilibrium occurs under specific conditions: no mutation, no gene flow, random mating, a large population size, and no natural selection. In this scenario, all genotypes are in proportion to the allele frequencies, and genetic diversity is maintained. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Option A suggests rapid evolution due to strong directional selection, which would disrupt the equilibrium. Option C mentions a founder effect, which can reduce genetic diversity but is not a characteristic of a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Option D describes a population dominated by a single homozygous genotype, which also does not align with the genetic diversity seen in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

3. A table top has dimensions of 75cm by 50cm. What is its perimeter if opposite sides are equal?

A. 125cm
B. 150cm
C. 200cm
D. 50cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Given that the table top has dimensions of 75cm by 50cm. - Since opposite sides are equal, the table top can be divided into two pairs of equal sides: 75cm and 50cm. - To find the perimeter, we add up all four sides: 75cm + 50cm + 75cm + 50cm = 250cm. - However, since opposite sides are equal, we only need to consider two sides: 75cm + 50cm = 125cm. - Therefore, the perimeter of the table top is 125cm + 125cm = 150cm. - Hence, the correct answer is B) 150cm.

4. What defines the period of a wave?

A. The number of waves passing a point per unit time
B. The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs
C. The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point
D. The maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The period of a wave is defined as the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point. It is typically measured in seconds and is inversely related to the frequency of the wave. The period is not related to the number of waves passing a point per unit time (A), the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs (B), or the maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave (D).

5. Which of the following describes a scalar quantity?

A. Velocity
B. Acceleration
C. Force
D. Speed

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Speed is a scalar quantity as it only indicates how fast an object is moving without any directional information.

6. Inhalation

A. Expiration
B. Respiration
C. Aspiration
D. Aspiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Respiration.' Inhalation refers to the process of breathing in air, while respiration is the overall process of gas exchange in the body, including both inhalation and exhalation. Expiration refers specifically to the process of breathing out air. Aspiration, on the other hand, refers to the act of inhaling foreign objects into the lungs, which can be harmful. Therefore, 'Respiration' is the most appropriate term related to 'Inhalation' as it encompasses the entire process of breathing and gas exchange in the body.