Nursing Elites

1. Which group of elements are known for their vibrant colors and use in fireworks?

• A. Noble gases
• B. Alkali metals
• C. Halogens
• D. Transition metals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Transition metals exhibit diverse electronic configurations, leading to their ability to emit specific colors of light, making them ideal for fireworks.

2. Colligative properties of solutions depend on the...

• A. Concentration of the solvent
• B. All of the 3 answers given
• C. Chemical identity of the solute
• D. Number of solute particles in solution

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Number of solute particles in solution.' Colligative properties, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, depend on the number of solute particles present in a solution, not on the chemical identity of the solute or the concentration of the solvent. This is because the presence of solute particles disrupts the solvent's normal behavior, affecting these properties. Therefore, the number of solute particles in solution directly influences colligative properties, making it the most accurate choice among the options provided.

3. What does the term "colligative property" refer to in solutions?

• A. Properties that depend on the nature of the solute particles
• B. Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles
• C. Properties that depend on the temperature of the solution
• D. Properties that depend on the pressure of the solution

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Colligative properties are dependent on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their nature. The other choices do not accurately define colligative properties.

4. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its:

• A. Mass number
• B. Atomic number
• C. Isotope
• D. Valence electron count

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic number (Z) equals the number of protons in the nucleus and uniquely identifies an element. Mass number (A) includes both protons and neutrons, isotopes have different neutron numbers, and valence electrons are involved in bonding, not atomic identity.

5. What is the term for the first exposure to a specific pathogen, leading to the development of an initial immune response?

• A. Primary immune response
• B. Secondary immune response
• C. Hypersensitivity reaction
• D. Immunological tolerance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Primary immune response.' The primary immune response refers to the initial encounter with a specific pathogen, which triggers the immune system to respond by producing antibodies and memory cells. This process lays the foundation for the secondary immune response, which occurs upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. The primary immune response is characterized by the lag time in antibody production as the immune system is mobilized to combat the new threat. In contrast, the secondary immune response is faster and more robust due to the presence of memory cells from the primary response. Hypersensitivity reactions involve an exaggerated immune response to an antigen, while immunological tolerance refers to the immune system's ability to recognize self from non-self to prevent autoimmunity.

6. Which energy conversion occurs in a solar cell?

• A. Electrical energy to light energy
• B. Chemical energy to electrical energy
• C. Solar energy to thermal energy
• D. Solar energy to electrical energy

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Solar cells convert solar energy (sunlight) directly into electrical energy.

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