Nursing Elites

1. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 11

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The pH is calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. In this case, \(-\log(1 \times 10^{-9}) = 9\).

2. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• A. Both are double-stranded.
• B. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
• C. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine.
• D. Both are identical molecules.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incorrect. DNA is double-stranded, but RNA is typically single-stranded. B) Correct. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon of the sugar ring, while RNA contains ribose sugar, which has an additional hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. C) Incorrect. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine. D) Incorrect. DNA and RNA have distinct structures and functions, so they are not identical molecules.

3. How do you spell the past participle of the verb "lie" (to recline)?

• A. lied
• B. lain
• C. lay
• D. lying

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The past participle of "lie" (to recline) is "lain," not "lied," which is the past tense.

4. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

• A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
• B. She is the tallest player on the team.
• C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
• D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

5. What is the process of converting ammonia, a byproduct of protein digestion, into a less toxic form?

• A. Deamination
• B. Transamination
• C. Decarboxylation
• D. Hydrolysis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Deamination is the process of removing an amino group from a molecule, such as converting ammonia (NH3) into a less toxic form like urea. Ammonia is a byproduct of protein digestion and needs to be converted into a less toxic form to be excreted from the body. Deamination is a key step in this process, which occurs mainly in the liver through the urea cycle. Transamination involves the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the removal of an amino group as in deamination. Decarboxylation is the removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule, and hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound by adding water.

6. Which of the following is NOT a typical component of healthy semen?

• A. Sperm
• B. Fructose (sugar)
• C. Prostaglandins
• D. Urine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urine. Semen is a mixture of fluids from various glands in the male reproductive system. It typically contains sperm, fructose (sugar) to provide energy for the sperm, and prostaglandins to aid in sperm motility. Urine is not a normal component of healthy semen. It is important to note that urine and semen travel through different pathways in the male body, and they should not mix. Therefore, the presence of urine in semen would indicate a potential issue or infection in the urinary system. Understanding the components of healthy semen is crucial for assessing male reproductive health and fertility.

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