Nursing Elites

1. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 11

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The pH is calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. In this case, \(-\log(1 \times 10^{-9}) = 9\).

2. What is the 3D structure of a protein called?

• A. Tertiary structure
• B. Secondary structure
• C. Primary structure
• D. Quaternary structure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein. - Secondary structure refers to local folded structures within a protein, such as alpha helices and beta sheets. - Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a protein, which is determined by interactions between amino acid side chains and the environment. - Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple protein subunits in a protein complex. Therefore, the 3D structure of a protein is called the tertiary structure because it represents the overall folding of the protein into a specific shape.

3. Which type of energy is associated with the random motion of particles in a substance?

• A. Potential energy
• B. Mechanical energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Thermal energy is related to the random motion of particles in a substance and is associated with temperature.

4. In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the

• A. Leftmost box
• B. Middle
• C. Rightmost box
• D. Bottom

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is typically positioned at the leftmost side, with higher-level workers placed to the right. This arrangement signifies hierarchy, with the top level usually being on the rightmost side. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 'Middle,' as the lowest level worker is situated towards the left of the chart, not the extreme left or right. This positioning helps visually represent the organization's structure and indicates the progression from lower to higher levels as one moves from left to right on the chart.

5. What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

• A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not
• B. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.
• C. Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.
• D. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Prokaryotic cells are simpler and do not have a true nucleus. Their genetic material is located in the nucleoid region, which is not enclosed by a membrane. - Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a true nucleus that houses the genetic material, enclosed within a nuclear membrane. - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have organelles, but eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, while prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound organelles.

6. The framework of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that provides structure, support, and facilitates movement is the:

• A. Muscular system
• B. Skeletal system
• C. Nervous system
• D. Endocrine system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skeletal system. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that work together to provide structure, support, and facilitate movement in the body. The bones serve as the framework that supports and protects the body's organs, while cartilage cushions the joints. Ligaments connect bones to each other, and tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement. The muscular system (choice A) consists of muscles that work with the skeletal system to produce movement. The nervous system (choice C) controls and coordinates bodily functions through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The endocrine system (choice D) regulates various bodily functions through the release of hormones. Therefore, the skeletal system is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the framework of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that support and enable movement in the body.

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