Nursing Elites

1. The main idea of the passage is that

• A. history solely teaches us about past events and has no relevance to the present.
• B. understanding history is crucial for comprehending current trends and shaping the future.
• C. historical knowledge is merely an interesting collection of facts with no practical value.
• D. learning from history requires solely focusing on its successes and ignoring its failures.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B accurately captures the passage's emphasis on history's multifaceted impact, providing insights into the present and potential visions for the future.

2. The unit for measuring luminous flux, which describes the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, is:

• A. Candela
• B. Lumen
• C. Lux
• D. Hertz

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lumen. Luminous flux is the measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source per unit time, measured in lumens. The candela (A) is the unit for luminous intensity, lux (C) is the unit for illuminance (luminous flux per unit area), and Hertz (D) is the unit for frequency. Therefore, in this question, the unit for measuring luminous flux is the lumen, as it specifically quantifies the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye.

3. The author's tone towards UBI can be described as

• A. Strongly supportive, advocating for its immediate implementation without reservations.
• B. Strongly critical, highlighting only the potential drawbacks and dismissing its benefits.
• C. Neutral and objective, presenting both sides of the argument without taking a stance.
• D. Cautiously optimistic, acknowledging both the potential and challenges while calling for further discussion.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The passage acknowledges both positive and negative aspects of UBI, suggesting a cautious and balanced perspective, aligning with D.

4. What is the process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, a key molecule in cellular respiration, called?

• A. Beta-oxidation
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Carbohydrate catabolism
• D. Nucleic acid catabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Beta-oxidation is the process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules. This process occurs in the mitochondria and is a crucial step in fatty acid metabolism for energy production. B) Lipolysis is the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, but it does not specifically refer to the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. C) Carbohydrate catabolism involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose for energy production and is not directly related to the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. D) Nucleic acid catabolism refers to the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides and does not involve the conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.

5. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

• A. Homologous chromosomes have the same genes but may have different alleles, while sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome.
• B. Homologous chromosomes are only found in diploid cells, while sister chromatids are found in both haploid and diploid cells.
• C. Both homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are genetically identical, but only sister chromatids separate during mitosis.
• D. Both homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids can separate during mitosis, but only homologous chromosomes have different alleles.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order, one from each parent. While they carry the same genes, they may have different alleles (variants of a gene). - Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other, formed during DNA replication. They are held together by a centromere and are produced during the S phase of the cell cycle. - During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over, leading to genetic variation. Sister chromatids separate during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.

6. Adipose tissue, also known as fat, serves multiple functions. Which of these is NOT a function of adipose tissue?

• A. Insulation
• B. Energy storage
• C. Hormone production
• D. Muscle movement

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Adipose tissue plays various essential roles in the body, including insulation to help regulate body temperature, energy storage by storing excess energy in the form of fat, and hormone production such as leptin and adiponectin. However, adipose tissue is not directly responsible for muscle movement. Muscles are primarily responsible for movement, while adipose tissue provides cushioning and support around organs. Therefore, option D, 'Muscle movement,' is the correct answer as it does not align with the functions of adipose tissue.

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