1. Which hormone primarily triggers ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, LH surge occurs around day 14, which stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This surge in LH is crucial for the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of the egg, marking the onset of ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone play important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, but LH specifically triggers ovulation by signaling the release of the egg from the ovary.

2. Which of the following organs is NOT directly involved in urine production?

A. Kidneys
B. Urethra
C. Lungs
D. Bladder

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lungs. The lungs are not directly involved in urine production. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood to create urine. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The bladder serves as a temporary storage reservoir for urine. In contrast, the lungs are primarily responsible for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, during respiration and are not directly involved in the process of urine production.

3. Identify the determiner in the following sentence: A few birds chirped happily in the branches of the tall tree.

A. happily
B. ranches
C. few
D. tree

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Determiners specify the quantity or identity of a noun. "Few" indicates the number of birds.

4. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

A. To trap dust particles
B. To increase lung compliance
C. To produce mucus
D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To increase lung compliance.' Surfactant is a substance produced by the alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. This helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. This action increases lung compliance, which is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated. Trapping dust particles (A) is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system. Surfactant does not produce mucus (C) but rather acts to reduce surface tension. Generating oxygen (D) is the function of the respiratory system as a whole through the process of respiration, and surfactant does not play a direct role in this process.

5. Eliminate the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system.

A. Fluid drainage from tissues
B. Immune response via white blood cell production
C. Nutrient transport throughout the body
D. Waste removal through lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Fluid drainage from tissues: This function is attributed to the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream. B) Immune response via white blood cell production: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and transporting white blood cells, such as lymphocytes, which help fight infections. C) Nutrient transport throughout the body: Nutrient transport is primarily carried out by the circulatory system (blood vessels), not the lymphatic system. The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells and removes waste products. D) Waste removal through lymph nodes: The lymphatic system helps remove waste and toxins from the body by filtering lymph through lymph nodes, where harmful substances are trapped and destroyed by immune cells. Therefore, the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system is C) Nutrient transport throughout the body.