Nursing Elites

1. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Autonomic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions in the body, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and other automatic processes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary muscle movements, the peripheral nervous system (C) consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, and the central nervous system (D) includes the brain and spinal cord. Understanding the functions and divisions of the nervous system is crucial for grasping how different bodily processes are controlled and regulated.

2. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from digested food material. What waste product remains after water absorption and is eventually eliminated from the body?

• A. Chyme
• B. Bolus
• C. Glucose
• D. Feces

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from digested food material. As the waste material moves through the large intestine, most of the water is absorbed, leaving behind waste products known as feces. Feces consist of indigestible material, bacteria, and some remaining waste products. This waste is eventually eliminated from the body through the process of defecation. Chyme refers to the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine. Bolus is a term used to describe a mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed. Glucose is a simple sugar that is absorbed in the small intestine and used as an energy source. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Feces.

3. The outermost layer of your skin is an example of which epithelial tissue type?

• A. Simple cuboidal
• B. Stratified squamous
• C. Simple columnar
• D. Stratified columnar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratified squamous. The outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelial tissue is designed to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and external factors. Simple cuboidal epithelium (option A) is typically found in areas where secretion and absorption occur, like in kidney tubules. Simple columnar epithelium (option C) lines the intestines and aids in absorption. Stratified columnar epithelium (option D) is relatively rare in the body and is found in limited areas such as parts of the male urethra. Hence, option B is the best choice as it accurately reflects the specific type of epithelial tissue that forms the outer layer of the skin.

4. Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced by

• A. Keratinocytes (These cells produce keratin)
• B. Melanocytes
• C. Sebocytes (These cells produce sebum)
• D. Langerhans cells (These cells are part of the immune system)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melanocytes. Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells located in the skin's epidermis. Melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, where it provides protection against UV radiation. Sebocytes produce sebum, an oily substance that helps moisturize the skin and hair. Langerhans cells are a type of immune cell that play a role in the skin's immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is B as melanocytes are specifically responsible for producing melanin.

5. A light ray travels from air (refractive index 1.00) into water (refractive index 1.33). What happens to its speed and direction?

• A. Speed increases, direction bends towards the normal.
• B. Speed increases, direction bends away from the normal.
• C. Speed decreases, direction bends towards the normal.
• D. Speed and direction remain unchanged.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Due to the change in refractive index, the light ray bends towards the normal (water) as it slows down upon entering the denser medium.

6. Which of the following is the neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Positron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus contributes to the mass number of the atom, which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Similar Questions