1. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate?

A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions in the body, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and other automatic processes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary muscle movements, the peripheral nervous system (C) consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, and the central nervous system (D) includes the brain and spinal cord. Understanding the functions and divisions of the nervous system is crucial for grasping how different bodily processes are controlled and regulated.

2. Define power in physics.

A. The rate of change of energy
B. The rate of doing work or transferring energy
C. The measure of an object's potential energy
D. The force exerted on an object

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred or converted.

3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps the kidneys regulate:

A. Acid-base balance
B. Blood pressure
C. Urine output by controlling water reabsorption
D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Urine output by controlling water reabsorption.' Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the pituitary gland and acts on the kidneys to regulate water reabsorption. When ADH levels are high, the kidneys reabsorb more water, leading to concentrated urine and decreased urine output. This helps maintain the body's water balance and prevent dehydration. While ADH indirectly influences blood pressure by regulating blood volume, its primary function is to control water balance, not acid-base balance. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

4. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source." Active immunity is long-lasting because it involves the body's immune system producing memory cells that remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity, on the other hand, is short-lived as it involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, such as through maternal transfer or injection of antibodies, which do not create memory cells for long-lasting protection.

5. What is the correct way to punctuate the following sentence: "She asked me if I wanted to go to the movies with her"?

A. She asked me, if I wanted to go to the movies with her.
B. She asked me: if I wanted to go to the movies with her?
C. She asked me, if I wanted, to go to the movies with her.
D. She asked me if I wanted to go to the movies with her.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option D uses a question mark within the quoted material as it is a direct question.

6. Which of the following is NOT a part of a plant cell?

A. Cell wall
B. Plasma membrane
C. Vacuole
D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Cell wall: This is a structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection. B) Plasma membrane: Also known as the cell membrane, it surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell. C) Vacuole: This is a storage organelle found in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. D) Mitochondria: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in both plant and animal cells. They are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Mitochondria, as it is a part of a plant cell.