Nursing Elites

1. A pressure vessel has a cylindrical body (diameter 10cm, height 20cm) with hemispherical ends (same diameter as the cylinder). What is its total surface area?

• A. 785 sq cm
• B. 1130 sq cm
• C. 1570 sq cm
• D. 2055 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and two hemispheres. Add them all up for the total surface area.

2. Which type of waves are capable of interference and diffraction?

• A. Longitudinal waves only
• B. Transverse waves only
• C. Electromagnetic waves only
• D. Both longitudinal and transverse waves

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Both longitudinal and transverse waves can exhibit interference and diffraction phenomena.

3. What happens to the density of a substance if its mass increases while its volume remains constant?

• A. Density increases
• B. Density decreases
• C. Density remains constant
• D. Density becomes zero

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Density is the ratio of mass to volume. If the mass increases while the volume remains constant, the density will increase as there is more mass in the same volume.

4. The dome-shaped muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity is the:

• A. Diaphragm
• B. Sternum
• C. Pericardium
• D. Trachea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure that plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and flattening during inhalation to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. It separates the chest cavity (thoracic cavity) from the abdominal cavity. The sternum (B) is a flat bone in the center of the chest, the pericardium (C) is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart, and the trachea (D) is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi. Therefore, the diaphragm is the correct answer in this case.

5. The lymphatic system is primarily responsible for:

• A. Transporting nutrients throughout the body
• B. Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Regulating body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues.' The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream. This system also helps in removing waste products, pathogens, and toxins from tissues, contributing to the body's immune response. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting nutrients, producing red blood cells, and regulating body temperature are primarily the functions of other systems in the body such as the circulatory system, bone marrow, and the thermoregulatory system, respectively.

6. Which respiratory structure is responsible for the production of mucus to trap particles and for the movement of cilia to sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Bronchi
• D. Respiratory epithelium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory epithelium. The respiratory epithelium is a specialized tissue lining the respiratory tract that produces mucus to trap particles and contains cilia that beat in a coordinated manner to move the mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract. The trachea, larynx, and bronchi are all structures within the respiratory system, but they do not directly produce mucus or have cilia for sweeping particles. Therefore, the respiratory epithelium is the specific structure responsible for these functions.

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