Nursing Elites

1. A lampshade consists of a cylindrical base (diameter 20cm, height 10cm) and a hemispherical top (same diameter as the base). What is its total surface area?

• A. 785 sq cm
• B. 1130 sq cm
• C. 1570 sq cm
• D. 2055 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and the hemisphere (half of a sphere's surface area). Add both areas to find the total surface area.

2. What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for draining lymph from the lower half of the body, the left side of the head and neck, and the left arm. The jugular vein (A) and subclavian vein (C) are both blood vessels, not lymphatic vessels. The aorta (D) is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart. Understanding the anatomy of the lymphatic system is crucial for understanding the circulation and immune functions of the body.

3. Connective tissue provides support and connects other tissues. What is the main component that gives connective tissue its strength?

• A. Collagen fibers
• B. Epithelial cells
• C. Nerve cells
• D. Blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main component that gives connective tissue its strength is collagen fibers. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in the human body, providing tensile strength and support to tissues. Collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion, giving connective tissue its resilience and ability to withstand stretching forces. Epithelial cells are not the main component of strength in connective tissue; they are specialized cells that line the surfaces of organs and structures. Nerve cells are responsible for transmitting signals and do not contribute to the strength of connective tissue. Blood cells are not structural components of connective tissue but rather play a role in transportation and immune function.

4. What is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate called?

• A. Glycolysis
• B. Gluconeogenesis
• C. Krebs cycle
• D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol, and is the opposite of glycolysis. C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and is involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce ATP and other energy carriers. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.

5. The two main divisions of the skeletal system are:

• A. Upper and lower body bones
• B. Axial and appendicular skeleton
• C. Long and short bones
• D. Compact and spongy bone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Axial and appendicular skeleton. The skeletal system is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the arms, legs, shoulders, and hips. This division is based on the location and function of the bones in the body. The other options are incorrect as they do not represent the main divisions of the skeletal system. Understanding these divisions is important for studying the structure and function of the human skeletal system.

6. What is the SI unit of measurement for acceleration?

• A. Meters per second (m/s)
• B. Newton (N)
• C. Meters (m)
• D. Meters per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s²) in the SI unit system.

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