Nursing Elites

1. Which law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

• A. Newton's First Law
• B. Newton's Second Law
• C. Newton's Third Law
• D. Law of Universal Gravitation

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Newton's Third Law states the action-reaction principle.

2. How does the acceleration of an object change if the force acting on it is doubled?

• A. Acceleration is halved
• B. Acceleration doubles
• C. Acceleration remains unchanged
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: b

Rationale: According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if force is doubled and mass remains constant, acceleration doubles.

3. Which property of a substance describes its ability to conduct heat or electricity?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Reactivity
• D. Conductivity

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Conductivity refers to a substance's ability to conduct heat or electricity.

4. Homologous structures are those that:

• A. Have the same function but different origins
• B. Have different functions but the same origin
• C. Are similar in appearance and function due to shared ancestry
• D. Are identical in both appearance and function

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Option A is incorrect because structures with the same function but different origins are analogous structures, not homologous structures. - Option B is incorrect because structures with different functions but the same origin are also not homologous structures; they are considered to be vestigial structures. - Option D is incorrect because structures that are identical in both appearance and function are not necessarily homologous; they could be the result of convergent evolution. Homologous structures are those that share similarities in appearance and function due to being inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may have undergone modifications over time to adapt to different functions in different species, but their fundamental similarities can be traced back to a shared evolutionary history.

5. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles?

• A. Autonomic nervous system
• B. Peripheral nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Sympathetic nervous system

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements, such as the contraction of skeletal muscles. This system consists of motor neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing us to consciously control our movements. The autonomic nervous system (A) controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion, the peripheral nervous system (B) includes all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, and the sympathetic nervous system (D) is a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, the somatic nervous system is specifically involved in voluntary movements.

6. Which term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted?

• A. Contractility
• B. Elasticity
• C. Extensibility
• D. Excitability

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Elasticity." Elasticity is the term that describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted. Contractility refers to the muscle's ability to contract forcefully, extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched without being damaged, and excitability is the ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli. In this context, elasticity specifically pertains to the muscle's ability to bounce back to its original form, making it the most appropriate term in relation to the question.

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