Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is essential for proper absorption of calcium and plays a role in lung function?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for the proper absorption of calcium in the intestines, which is crucial for maintaining strong bones and teeth. Additionally, Vitamin D plays a role in lung function by supporting respiratory health and reducing inflammation in the lungs. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin B12 is necessary for red blood cell formation and neurological function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage.

2. Which element is used in fertilizers due to its role in plant cell division and growth?

• A. Potassium
• B. Phosphorus
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phosphorus is crucial for cell division and metabolism, making it essential for plant growth and development.

3. Cystitis is an inflammation of the:

• A. Kidneys
• B. Bladder
• C. Ureters
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bladder. Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, typically caused by a bacterial infection. Symptoms include frequent and urgent urination, along with pain or discomfort in the pelvic area. The kidneys (option A) are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, but they are not the site of inflammation in cystitis. The ureters (option C) are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder and are not typically affected by cystitis. The urethra (option D) is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, but it is not where the inflammation occurs in cystitis.

4. What is the name of a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy body tissues?

• A. Allergy
• B. Autoimmune disease
• C. Immunodeficiency
• D. Sepsis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems in the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Allergies (A) involve the immune system overreacting to harmless substances, but they do not involve attacking healthy tissues. Immunodeficiency (C) refers to a weakened immune system that is less able to fight off infections. Sepsis (D) is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection, not an autoimmune reaction.

5. Look at the following electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. To which group and period does this element belong?

• A. Group 16, Period 3
• B. Group 14, Period 3
• C. Group 18, Period 3
• D. Group 17, Period 2

Correct answer: C

Rationale: ) Group 18, Period 3. Count the total electrons (2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 6 = 18) and observe the completely filled energy levels. This points to a noble gas in Group 18 (Neon) during Period 3.

6. The "fight-or-flight" response is triggered by the hormone released from the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Adrenal glands
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal glands. The "fight-or-flight" response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived threat or danger. When this response is triggered, the adrenal glands release adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, into the bloodstream. This hormone prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs. The thyroid gland (option A) primarily regulates metabolism, the pituitary gland (option C) controls many other hormone glands, and the pancreas (option D) is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through the production of insulin and glucagon, but they are not directly involved in the fight-or-flight response.

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