Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Molarity
• B. Solubility
• C. Concentration
• D. Saturation

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. The other choices do not accurately define solubility.

2. Which number is the opposite of -3?

• A. -6
• B. 3
• C. 0
• D. 6

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The opposite of a number is the one with the same distance from zero but on the opposite side of the number line. So, the opposite of -3 is 3.

3. Which word completes the sentence "He was ____ by the unexpected turn of events."

• A. elated (joyful)
• B. bewildered (confused)
• C. vindicated (justified)
• D. apathetic (uninterested)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Bewildered" best describes the confusion caused by the unexpected events.

4. Adaptive radiation refers to the evolutionary process where:

• A. A single ancestral species diversifies into multiple descendant species due to ecological pressures in a heterogeneous environment.
• B. Two unrelated species evolve similar adaptations in response to similar environments, leading to convergent evolution.
• C. A population becomes increasingly well-adapted to its current environment through continued natural selection.
• D. The fossil record exhibits gaps or missing links in the evolutionary history of a lineage.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Adaptive radiation is a process where a single ancestral species diversifies into multiple descendant species to exploit different ecological niches within a heterogeneous environment. - This diversification occurs due to the different selective pressures present in various habitats, leading to the evolution of distinct traits and adaptations in different descendant species. - Option A accurately describes the process of adaptive radiation, where the initial species undergoes rapid speciation to occupy different ecological roles and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. - Options B, C, and D do not accurately describe adaptive radiation but refer to other evolutionary processes such as convergent evolution, natural selection, and gaps in the fossil record, respectively.

5. What is the structure that attaches to each chromosome during mitosis?

• A. Centromere
• B. Telomere
• C. Spindle apparatus
• D. Nucleolus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The centromere is the structure that attaches to each chromosome during mitosis. It is a region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division. The centromere plays a crucial role in ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes during cell division. Telomeres are structures found at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration and fusion with neighboring chromosomes. The spindle apparatus is a structure made of microtubules that helps separate chromosomes during cell division. The nucleolus is a region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs and is not directly involved in chromosome attachment during mitosis.

6. Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of proteins in the cell?

• A. Ribosomes
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosomes. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic code into proteins through a process called translation. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion, while mitochondria are responsible for energy production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal within the cell.

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