Nursing Elites

1. What is the formula for calculating molarity?

• A. M = n/V
• B. M = n/L
• C. M = mol/L
• D. M = mol/dm³

Correct answer: a

Rationale: All of these choices are equivalent to the original formula. The symbol "n" represents the number of moles of solute, and the symbol "V" represents the volume of the solution in liters. The symbol "L" is an abbreviation for "liters," and "dm³" is an alternative way to represent liters.

2. Identify the relative clause in the sentence "The book that won the award was a bestseller."

• A. "The book"
• B. "that won the award"
• C. "was a bestseller"
• D. "award"

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The relative clause "that won the award" provides additional information about the specific book.

3. In what way does spindle fiber dynamics and microtubule attachment regulate cell cycle checkpoints?

• A. Misaligned chromosomes fail to attach to microtubules, triggering a delay in anaphase onset.
• B. The presence of unattached kinetochores on the centromeres sends a signal to pause cell cycle progression.
• C. Microtubule instability and rapid depolymerization lead to the activation of checkpoint proteins.
• D. All of the above.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Misaligned chromosomes fail to attach to microtubules, triggering a delay in anaphase onset: During cell division, proper attachment of chromosomes to spindle fibers is crucial for accurate segregation of genetic material. If chromosomes are not correctly attached to microtubules, it can lead to misalignment, which triggers a delay in anaphase onset. This delay allows the cell to correct any errors before proceeding with cell division. B) The presence of unattached kinetochores on the centromeres sends a signal to pause cell cycle progression: Kinetochores are protein structures located at the centromere of chromosomes and are responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers. When kinetochores are unattached or improperly attached to microtubules, it sends a signal to the cell to pause cell cycle progression. This pause allows the cell to ensure that all chromosomes are properly aligned before proceeding with cell division.

4. How does friction affect motion?

• A. Friction increases speed
• B. Friction decreases speed
• C. Friction has no impact on speed
• D. Friction causes objects to float

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Friction opposes motion, leading to a decrease in speed or hindering movement.

5. Which structure surrounds individual muscle fibers, providing support and aiding in the transmission of force generated during muscle contraction?

• A. Tendon
• B. Endomysium
• C. Perimysium
• D. Epimysium

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endomysium. Endomysium is the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle fibers within a muscle. It plays a crucial role in supporting the muscle fibers and aiding in the transmission of force generated during muscle contraction. Tendons (option A) connect muscle to bone and do not surround individual muscle fibers. Perimysium (option C) surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, while epimysium (option D) envelops the entire muscle. Therefore, endomysium is specifically responsible for surrounding and supporting individual muscle fibers, making it the most fitting answer.

6. An IV drip delivers 40 drops per minute, each containing 1mg of medication. How many milligrams are administered in 3 hours (180 minutes)?

• A. 360mg
• B. 720mg
• C. 7,200mg
• D. 14,400mg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: In this scenario, we first calculated the total number of drops administered in 3 hours by multiplying the drops per minute by the total number of minutes. Then, we converted the drops to milligrams by multiplying the total drops by the amount of medication in each drop. This method ensures an accurate calculation of the total amount of medication administered over the given time period.

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