Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.

2. The element with the atomic number 17 is:

• A. Chlorine (Cl)
• B. Nitrogen (N)
• C. Sodium (Na)
• D. Fluorine (F)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Chlorine (Cl) - Chlorine has 17 protons, corresponding to atomic number 17.

3. What is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area called?

• A. Community
• B. Population
• C. Ecosystem
• D. Habitat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Community refers to all the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area. Since the question specifies organisms of the same species, community is not the correct answer. B) Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area. This term specifically refers to individuals of the same species and their interactions within a defined area. C) Ecosystem includes all the living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) in a particular area and their interactions. While populations are part of an ecosystem, the term "ecosystem" is broader and includes multiple populations. D) Habitat refers to the specific environment where an organism lives, including the physical and biological factors. It is the place where a population or individual organism resides, but it does not specifically refer to a group of organisms of the same species.

4. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antagonist. In muscle physiology, an antagonist refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement. This relationship allows for smooth and coordinated movement by controlling the action of the agonist muscle. For example, when you bend your arm, the biceps muscle (agonist) contracts to flex the arm while the triceps muscle (antagonist) lengthens to allow for this movement. Synergists assist the agonist muscle in performing a movement, while flexors are a type of muscle that decreases the angle between bones at a joint. Therefore, the antagonist best fits the description of a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts.

5. Which element is a good conductor of electricity but is not a metal?

• A. Copper
• B. Silver
• C. Graphite
• D. Gold

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While metals are known for their conductivity, some non-metals like graphite also exhibit this property due to their unique electronic structure

6. What type of molecule forms the cell membrane and controls what enters and exits the cell?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipids. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a double layer of lipids called phospholipids. These phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails, which arrange themselves to form a barrier that controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. While proteins are also present in the cell membrane and play important roles in transport and cell signaling, lipids are the main structural component responsible for the selective permeability of the membrane. Carbohydrates are typically found on the outer surface of the membrane and are involved in cell recognition and communication. Nucleic acids are not a major component of the cell membrane; they are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information within the cell.

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