Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.

2. What happens to the work done on an object when the angle between force and displacement is 90 degrees?

• A. Maximum work is done
• B. No work is done
• C. Minimum work is done
• D. Work is infinite

Correct answer: b

Rationale: When the angle between force and displacement is 90 degrees, the work done on the object is zero.

3. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?

• A. Atrial diastole
• B. Ventricular systole
• C. Atrial systole
• D. Ventricular diastole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atrial systole. During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract during atrial systole, pushing blood into the ventricles. This phase occurs after atrial diastole when the atria fill with blood. Ventricular diastole (option D) is when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, preparing for ventricular systole (option B), which is when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. Atrial systole is crucial for ensuring efficient filling of the ventricles before they contract, making it a key phase in the cardiac cycle.

4. The concept of punctuated equilibrium suggests that:

• A. Evolution occurs gradually through the continuous accumulation of small changes over long periods.
• B. Evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change.
• C. The fossil record is a complete and accurate representation of all past life forms.
• D. Natural selection primarily favors extreme phenotypes within a population.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Evolution occurs gradually through the continuous accumulation of small changes over long periods - This statement describes the gradualism model of evolution, not punctuated equilibrium. Punctuated equilibrium suggests that evolution is characterized by long periods of little to no change (stasis) followed by relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change. B) Evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change - This statement accurately describes the concept of punctuated equilibrium proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge. It suggests that species remain relatively unchanged for long periods of time, interrupted by sudden bursts of rapid evolution. C) The fossil record is a complete and accurate representation of all past life forms - This statement is incorrect as the fossil record is incomplete and biased towards certain types of organisms and environments. It does not provide a complete and accur

5. The lymphatic system is primarily responsible for:

• A. Transporting nutrients throughout the body
• B. Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Regulating body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues.' The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream. This system also helps in removing waste products, pathogens, and toxins from tissues, contributing to the body's immune response. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting nutrients, producing red blood cells, and regulating body temperature are primarily the functions of other systems in the body such as the circulatory system, bone marrow, and the thermoregulatory system, respectively.

6. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, the unbalanced force acting on each object depends on their respective masses. The larger mass of the table (compared to the book) experiences a smaller acceleration, making its movement almost imperceptible.

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