Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the main function of the stomach?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The main function of the stomach is to store food that has been ingested and mechanically break it down into smaller pieces through the process of churning and mixing with gastric juices. This mechanical breakdown, along with the action of stomach acid and enzymes, helps to initiate the digestion of food before it moves on to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. The production of enzymes that help digest food primarily occurs in the pancreas and small intestine, not the stomach. The elimination of waste products from the body primarily occurs through the large intestine and rectum, not the stomach.

2. What type of waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate?

• A. Transverse waves
• B. Longitudinal waves
• C. Electromagnetic waves
• D. Surface waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate because the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave. Transverse waves, on the other hand, do not require a medium and can propagate through a vacuum. Electromagnetic waves also do not require a medium for propagation, as they consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Surface waves are a combination of both longitudinal and transverse waves and also require a medium to propagate.

3. The word "obscurity" can be replaced with which of the following without changing the meaning?

• A. Prominence
• B. Seclusion
• C. Destruction
• D. Transformation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both "obscurity" and "seclusion" imply being hidden or unknown. Prominence, destruction, and transformation do not convey the same meaning.

4. Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium?

• A. It regulates blood flow through valves within the heart.
• B. It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart.
• C. It generates the electrical impulses for heart contractions.
• D. It transmits electrical signals between the atria and ventricles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart." The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, providing physical support and preventing overexpansion. It also helps reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures during heartbeats. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other parts of the heart such as valves, electrical impulse generation, and transmission pathways, respectively. Understanding the role of the pericardium in protecting the heart is crucial for comprehending the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system.

5. What is the term for a substance that can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor?

• A. Acid
• B. Base
• C. Amphiprotic
• D. Neutral

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amphiprotic substances can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor. The other choices are specific to either acids or bases.

6. Which blood type is a universal donor?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. AB
• D. O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because individuals with type O blood can donate red blood cells to individuals with any ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without causing an adverse reaction. This is because type O blood lacks A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which helps minimize the risk of an immune response when transfused into individuals with different blood types. Therefore, type O blood is in high demand for blood transfusions in emergency situations when the recipient's blood type is unknown or when there is a shortage of specific blood types.

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