Nursing Elites

1. Eliminate the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system.

• A. Fluid drainage from tissues
• B. Immune response via white blood cell production
• C. Nutrient transport throughout the body
• D. Waste removal through lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Fluid drainage from tissues: This function is attributed to the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream. B) Immune response via white blood cell production: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and transporting white blood cells, such as lymphocytes, which help fight infections. C) Nutrient transport throughout the body: Nutrient transport is primarily carried out by the circulatory system (blood vessels), not the lymphatic system. The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells and removes waste products. D) Waste removal through lymph nodes: The lymphatic system helps remove waste and toxins from the body by filtering lymph through lymph nodes, where harmful substances are trapped and destroyed by immune cells. Therefore, the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system is C) Nutrient transport throughout the body.

2. Which muscle plays a significant role in the process of forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. External intercostal muscles
• C. Internal intercostal muscles
• D. Abdominal muscles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Internal intercostal muscles. During forced exhalation, these muscles contract to depress the ribs and decrease the thoracic cavity volume, assisting in pushing air out of the lungs. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for inhalation by contracting to increase thoracic cavity volume. External intercostal muscles aid in inhalation by elevating the ribs. Abdominal muscles are involved in activities like coughing, sneezing, and forced exhalation by compressing the abdominal contents to further reduce thoracic volume. Therefore, the internal intercostal muscles have a significant role in forced exhalation.

3. What happens to the work done on an object when the angle between force and displacement is 90 degrees?

• A. Maximum work is done
• B. No work is done
• C. Minimum work is done
• D. Work is infinite

Correct answer: b

Rationale: When the angle between force and displacement is 90 degrees, the work done on the object is zero.

4. A hypothesis should be:

• A. A definitive statement of fact based on existing knowledge.
• B. A testable prediction based on observations and reasoning.
• C. A broad question without any specific direction or focus.
• D. A personal belief or opinion not requiring further investigation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypotheses guide scientific exploration by providing a framework for testing potential explanations.

5. What is the medical term for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

• A. Nephritis
• B. Cystitis
• C. Urethritis
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' A urinary tract infection (UTI) can affect different parts of the urinary system. Nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys, cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, and urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra. Therefore, all of these terms can be used to describe a UTI depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. It's important to differentiate between these terms to accurately diagnose and treat UTIs.

6. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Freezing point depression. Colligative properties are properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not the type of solute. Freezing point depression is the phenomenon where the freezing point of a solvent is lowered when a solute is added, while boiling point elevation is the opposite effect where the boiling point of a solution is raised. Therefore, the question specifically asked for the colligative property that refers to the elevation of the boiling point, making "Freezing point depression" the correct answer.

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