Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a substance refers to the force exerted on an object due to gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer:

Rationale: Weight is the measure of the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is calculated as mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

2. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?

• A. Carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• B. Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• C. Pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• D. Regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. These arteries supply the heart muscle with the necessary oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly. Without adequate blood flow through the coronary arteries, the heart muscle can become deprived of oxygen, leading to conditions like angina or even a heart attack. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the coronary arteries. Option B is incorrect because the coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood, not deoxygenated blood. Option C is incorrect because the pulmonary arteries, not the coronary arteries, carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Option D is incorrect because the regulation of blood pressure in the systemic circulation is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as the kidneys and the autonomic nervous system, not the coronary arteries.

3. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• A. Both are double-stranded.
• B. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
• C. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine.
• D. Both are identical molecules.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incorrect. DNA is double-stranded, but RNA is typically single-stranded. B) Correct. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon of the sugar ring, while RNA contains ribose sugar, which has an additional hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. C) Incorrect. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine. D) Incorrect. DNA and RNA have distinct structures and functions, so they are not identical molecules.

4. According to Newton's third law of motion, if you push against a wall with a certain force, the wall will push back with:

• A. A smaller force
• B. An equal force
• C. A greater force
• D. No force at all

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

5. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, the unbalanced force acting on each object depends on their respective masses. The larger mass of the table (compared to the book) experiences a smaller acceleration, making its movement almost imperceptible.

6. A rocket engine expels hot gases backwards. What principle explains the rocket's forward motion?

• A. Newton's first law of motion
• B. Newton's second law of motion
• C. Newton's third law of motion
• D. Law of conservation of energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The hot gases expelled backwards exert a force on the rocket in the opposite direction (forward), propelling it upwards according to the action-reaction principle.

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