Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a substance refers to the force exerted on an object due to gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer:

Rationale: Weight is the measure of the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is calculated as mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

2. What is the end result of mitosis in animal cells?

• A. The production of two identical daughter cells
• B. The production of four haploid cells
• C. The production of a single diploid cell
• D. The production of a single haploid cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of two identical daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are separated into two nuclei, and the cell then divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because mitosis does not result in the production of four haploid cells, a single diploid cell, or a single haploid cell.

3. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

• A. 2 J
• B. 4 J
• C. 8 J
• D. 20 J

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Potential energy in a spring is calculated as 1/2 * k * x², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from equilibrium. Therefore, the potential energy is 1/2 * 100 N/m * (0.2 m)² = 4 J.

4. What is the outermost layer of the dermis, rich in collagen and elastin fibers that provide elasticity to the skin?

• A. Papillary layer
• B. Reticular layer
• C. Stratum basale
• D. Stratum corneum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Papillary layer. The papillary layer is the outermost layer of the dermis and is rich in collagen and elastin fibers. These fibers provide elasticity to the skin, helping it maintain its structure and flexibility. The reticular layer, although deeper in the dermis, is not the outermost layer and is primarily responsible for providing strength and support to the skin. The stratum basale and stratum corneum are layers of the epidermis, not the dermis. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed, while the stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells. Understanding the different layers of the skin is essential for comprehending its functions and properties.

5. What is the name of the microscopic filtering unit within the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureteric bud
• C. Renal pyramid
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation. It consists of the renal corpuscle, including the glomerulus for filtration, and the renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion. The other options, such as the ureteric bud, renal pyramid, and glomerulus, are structures within the kidney but do not specifically refer to the filtering unit responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation like the nephron does.

6. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• A. Linear
• B. Circular
• C. Double helix
• D. Straight chain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix. This structure was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. The double helix shape consists of two strands that are twisted around each other in a spiral. This shape allows DNA to be compactly stored within the cell nucleus and provides stability to the molecule. The other options (A) Linear, (B) Circular, and (D) Straight chain do not accurately describe the shape of the DNA molecule.

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