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ATI TEAS 7

Chemistry

1. Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Isopropanol is an example of a secondary alcohol, as the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbon atoms. The other choices are primary alcohols.

2. A rocket engine expels hot gases backwards. What principle explains the rocket's forward motion?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The hot gases expelled backwards exert a force on the rocket in the opposite direction (forward), propelling it upwards according to the action-reaction principle.

3. In meiosis I, how are sister chromatids distinguished from homologous chromosomes?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: While sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome, homologous chromosomes are paired copies, each inherited from one parent. Crossing over during meiosis I can lead to slight differences in their DNA sequences.

4. What is the function of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Introns do not code for protein sequences. Exons are the segments of DNA that code for proteins. B) While introns can indirectly influence gene regulation, their primary function is not directly involved in gene regulation. C) Introns are non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed into pre-mRNA but are removed during mRNA processing through a process called splicing. This allows only the exons to be included in the mature mRNA that will be translated into proteins. D) While introns were once thought to be non-functional remnants of ancient DNA, research has shown that they can have regulatory functions and play a role in gene expression.

5. Which element makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, crucial for plant life and maintaining the planet's temperature balance.

6. What principle explains the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) relates pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases at constant number of moles and temperature.

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